iyini indlela yokuhlukanisa i-centrifugation

Indlela Yokuhlukanisa I-Centrifugation: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuhlukanisa Isampula Okuphumelelayo

Isingeniso ku-Centrifugation Separation Technique

I-Centrifugation iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene yesayensi neyezokwelapha ukuhlukanisa nokuhlaziya izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto. Kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-centrifugal, angamandla anamandla okusebenza, ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zengxube ehlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ekubuneni nobukhulu bazo.

Izinhlobo ze-Centrifugation

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-centrifugation: i-differential centrifugation kanye ne-density gradient centrifugation. I-differential centrifugation isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo, kuyilapho i-density gradient centrifugation ihlukanisa izinhlayiya ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo.

Ekuhlukaniseni i-centrifugation, isampula ijikeleziswa ngesivinini esikhulu, okubangela ukuba izinhlayiya ezinkulu nezisindayo zibe yi-sediment ngokushesha kunezinhlayiya ezincane nezilula. Ngokulungisa ijubane nesikhathi sokuhlanganisa i-centrifugation, kungenzeka ukuqoqa izingxenyana ezithile eziqukethe izinhlayiya ezifiselekayo.

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient ihilela ukudalwa kwe-density gradient ngaphakathi kwe-tube yesampula. Isixazululo esiqinile sibekwe phezu kwesisombululo esingesiqinile kangako, sakha i-gradient. Lapho isampula ifakwa i-centrifuge, izinhlayiya ziyahamba nge-gradient, zihlale ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Le ndlela ivumela ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu kwezinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obufanayo.

Izicelo ze-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yesayensi, okuhlanganisa i-biology, i-chemistry, imithi, kanye nesayensi yezemvelo. Isetshenziselwa izinjongo ezahlukahlukene njengokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, ukuhlanzwa kwamaprotheni, ukuhlushwa kwamagciwane, ukukhishwa kwe-DNA, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli kuyindlela evamile ocwaningweni lwezinto eziphilayo, lapho izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli zidinga ukuhlukaniswa nengxube eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokusebenzisa i-differential centrifugation, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa amaseli nezicubu noma ama-primary cultures ngokusekelwe kumazinga awo ahlukene okusatshalaliswa.

Ukuhlanzwa kwamaprotheni kungenye indlela ebalulekile yokusebenzisa i-centrifugation. Amaprotheni avame ukuhlukaniswa kusuka ekukhishweni kwamangqamuzana angahluziwe ngokuhlanganisa okuhlukile okulandelwa amasu okuhlanza akhethekile. Ukuhlanganisa kungahlukanisa ngempumelelo amaprotheni anobukhulu obuhlukene, izimo, noma ubuningi.

Ku-virology, i-centrifugation isetshenziselwa ukugxila amagciwane avela kumasampula ayinkimbinkimbi. Amagciwane ahlushwa yi-centrifugation esheshayo, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwawo okulandelayo noma ukusabalala kwamagciwane kumaseli.

Izici Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kahle Kokucisha Ugesi

Izici eziningi zithonya ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugation. Isivinini noma amandla e-centrifugal, uhlobo lwe-rotor, izinga lokushisa, kanye nevolumu yesampula kuyimingcele ebalulekile okudingeka icatshangelwe ngokucophelela.

Amandla ejubane noma e-centrifugal anquma izinga lokuthuthwa kwezinhlayiya. I-centrifugation yesivinini esiphezulu isetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa okusheshayo, kuyilapho i-centrifugation yesivinini esiphansi ivumela ukuhlukaniswa okubucayi nokuhamba kancane. Uhlobo lwe-rotor, kungaba yi-angle eqondile noma ibhakede elijikayo, nalo luthinta ukusebenza kokuhlukaniswa.

Izinga lokushisa lingenye into ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe. Ukufakwa kwe-centrifugation emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kungabangela ukubola noma ukulimala kwamasampula azwela ukushisa, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa aphansi angagcina ubuqotho besampula. Ukukhetha ngokucophelela izinga lokushisa elifanele kuyadingeka kuye ngohlobo lwesampula.

Umthamo wesampula ungathinta kakhulu inqubo yokuhlukanisa. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwesampula kungaholela ekuhlukaniseni okungasebenzi kahle noma kubangele ukuvaleka kwamapayipi e-centrifuge. Kubalulekile ukulinganisela umthamo wesampula nezimo ezifanele ze-centrifuge ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-Centrifugation

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, amasu okusebenzisa i-centrifugation nawo abone intuthuko enkulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-microcentrifuges nama-ultracentrifuges kushintshe kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwamasampula, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo nokusheshayo.

Ama-Microcentrifuge avumela abacwaningi ukuthi basebenzise amasampula amancane ngesivinini esisheshayo kanye nezikhathi zokunciphisa ijubane. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga amasampula amancane noma lapho kusetshenzwa ngamasampula abalulekile noma alinganiselwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Ultracentrifuge angakhiqiza amandla aphezulu e-centrifugal, afinyelele ukuhlukaniswa okuphezulu kwezinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obuhlukene. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zocwaningo nasema-laboratory ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunemba okukhulu kanye nesisombululo.

Ngaphezu kwehadiwe ethuthukisiwe, intuthuko ekwakhiweni kwe-rotor, njenge-fixed-angle, i-swinging-bucket, noma ama-vertical rotors, iye yathuthukisa kakhulu amakhono kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindlela zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation.

Isiphetho:

I-Centrifugation iyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa nokuhlaziya izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi neyezokwelapha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokwehlukanisa amaseli, ukuhlanza amaprotheni, ukugxila kwamagciwane, noma ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya, i-centrifugation inikeza indlela ethembekile nephumelelayo yokuhlukanisa amasampula. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, amasu e-centrifugation ayaqhubeka nokukhula, enikeza ososayensi amathuluzi athuthukisiwe ocwaningo lwabo nezidingo zabo zokuhlaziya.