yintoni indlela yokwahlula i-centrifugation
Indlela Yokwahlukanisa I-Centrifugation: Isikhokelo Esipheleleyo Sokwahlukanisa Isampuli Ngendlela Esebenzayo
Intshayelelo kwiNdlela yoKwahlula iCentrifugation
I-Centrifugation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi nezeklinikhi ukwahlula nokuhlalutya imixube enzima yezinto. Ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-centrifugal, angamandla anamandla oomatshini, ukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo zomxube owahlukileyo ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo kunye nobukhulu bazo.
Iintlobo zeCentrifugation
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-centrifugation: i-differential centrifugation kunye ne-density gradient centrifugation. I-differential centrifugation isetyenziselwa ukwahlula amasuntswana ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bawo, ngelixa i-density gradient centrifugation yahlula amasuntswana ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bawo.
Kwi-differential centrifugation, isampuli ijikeleziswa ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amasuntswana amakhulu, anzima abe yi-sediment ngokukhawuleza kuneamasuntswana amancinci, alula. Ngokulungisa isantya kunye nexesha le-centrifugation, kunokwenzeka ukuqokelela amasuntswana athile aqulethe amasuntswana afunekayo.
I-centrifugation ye-density gradient ibandakanya ukudalwa kwe-density gradient ngaphakathi kwityhubhu yesampuli. Isisombululo esixineneyo sifakwa phezu kwesisombululo esincinci, senza i-gradient. Xa isampuli i-centrifuged, amasuntswana ahamba nge-gradient, ahlale kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kuxinano lwawo. Le ndlela ivumela ukwahlukana okukhulu kwamasuntswana anobukhulu obufanayo.
Izicelo zeCentrifugation
I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi, kubandakanya ibhayoloji, ikhemistri, amayeza, kunye nesayensi yokusingqongileyo. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokwahlula iiseli, ukucocwa kweeproteni, ukuxinana kweentsholongwane, ukukhupha i-DNA, kunye nokwahlula iinxalenye.
Ukwahlulwa kweeseli sisicelo esiqhelekileyo kuphando lwebhayoloji, apho iintlobo ezithile zeeseli kufuneka zahlulwe kumxube ontsonkothileyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-differential centrifugation, kunokwenzeka ukwahlula iiseli kwizicubu okanye kwiinkcubeko eziphambili ngokusekelwe kumanqanaba azo ahlukeneyo okutsalwa kwetyuwa.
Ukucocwa kweeproteni lolunye uhlobo olubalulekileyo lokusetyenziswa kwe-centrifugation. Iiproteni zihlala zahlulwe kwii-crude cell extracts nge-differential centrifugation elandelwa ziindlela zokucoca ezikhethekileyo. Ukucocwa kweeproteni kunokwahlula ngempumelelo iiproteni ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, iimilo, okanye ubuninzi obahlukeneyo.
Kwi-virology, i-centrifugation isetyenziselwa ukuxinanisa iintsholongwane ezivela kwiisampuli ezintsonkothileyo. Iintsholongwane zixutywa nge-centrifugation ekhawulezayo, okuvumela uhlalutyo lwazo olulandelayo okanye ukusasazeka kwiinkcubeko zeeseli.
Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukusebenza Kakuhle kweCentrifugation
Izinto ezininzi zinefuthe ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekusebenzeni kokwahlulwa kwe-centrifugation. Isantya okanye amandla e-centrifugal, uhlobo lwe-rotor, ubushushu, kunye nomthamo wesampuli zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo.
Isantya okanye amandla e-centrifugal amisela isantya sokutyibilika kwee-particles. I-centrifugation ekhawulezayo isetyenziselwa ukwahlula ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa i-centrifugation ekhawulezayo ivumela ukwahlula okubuthathaka nokucothayo. Uhlobo lwe-rotor, nokuba yi-fixed-engile okanye yi-swinging-bucket, ikwachaphazela ukusebenza kokwahlula.
Ubushushu yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Ukucoca i-centrifugation kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunokubangela ukubola okanye umonakalo kwiisampuli ezibuthathaka kubushushu, ngelixa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi anokugcina ukuthembeka kwesampuli. Ukukhetha ngononophelo ubushushu obufanelekileyo kuyimfuneko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesampuli.
Umthamo wesampulu unokuchaphazela kakhulu inkqubo yokwahlulwa. Ukugqithiswa kwesampulu kunokubangela ukwahlukana okungasebenzi kakuhle okanye kubangele ukuvaleka kweetyhubhu ze-centrifuge. Kubalulekile ukulinganisela umthamo wesampulu neemeko ezifanelekileyo ze-centrifuge ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Inkqubela phambili kwiTekhnoloji yeCentrifugation
Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka iphucuka, iindlela zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation nazo zibone uphuculo olukhulu. Uphuhliso lwe-microcentrifuges kunye ne-ultracentrifuges lutshintshe indlela yokwahlulahlula iisampulu, nto leyo evumela ukwahlulahlula okusebenzayo nokukhawulezileyo.
Ii-Microcentrifuges zivumela abaphandi ukuba basebenzise ii-volumes zesampulu ezincinci ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna ii-volumes zesampulu ezincinci okanye xa besebenza ngee-sampulu ezixabisekileyo okanye ezilinganiselweyo.
Kwelinye icala, ii-Ultracentrifuges zinokuvelisa amandla aphezulu e-centrifugal, zifezekise ukwahlulahlula okuphezulu kwamasuntswana anobunzima obahlukeneyo. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zophando nakwiilabhoratri kwizicelo ezifuna ukuchaneka okukhulu kunye nesisombululo.
Ukongeza kwizixhobo eziphuculweyo, uphuhliso kuyilo lweerotor, ezifana ne-fixed-angle, i-swinging-bucket, okanye ii-vertical rotors, ziye zaphucula ngakumbi amandla kunye nokuguquguquka kweendlela ze-centrifugation.
Isiphelo:
I-centrifugation yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwahlula nokuhlalutya imixube enzima kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi nezeklinikhi. Nokuba kukwahlukanisa iiseli, ukucoca iiproteni, ukugxila kwiintsholongwane, okanye ukwahlula amasuntswana, i-centrifugation inika indlela ethembekileyo nesebenzayo yokwahlula iisampulu. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kubuchwepheshe, iindlela ze-centrifugation ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, zibonelela izazinzulu ngezixhobo eziphuculweyo zophando lwabo kunye neemfuno zabo zohlalutyo.
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