xa igazi lifakwa kwi-centrifuge, liyahlukana libe ziindawo ezinjani
Intshayelelo
Ukwahlulwa kwegazi yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwiilabhoratri zonyango kunye nezifundo ezahlukeneyo zophando. Kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-centrifuge, isixhobo esijikeleza iisampuli zegazi ngesantya esiphezulu ukuze sahlule iinxalenye zalo ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo. Xa igazi lifakwa kwi-centrifuge, liyahlukana libe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, ngalinye lineempawu zalo kunye nemisebenzi yalo eyahlukileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo ezenzekayo xa igazi lifakwa kwi-centrifuge kunye nokubaluleka kwazo ekuxilongweni kwezonyango nakuphando.
1. Iziseko ze-Blood Centrifugation
2. Inkqubo yoKwahlula kunye noKwakha iiCandelo
3. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: Abathwali beoksijini
4. Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Abakhuseli bomzimba
5. Iiplatelets: Iiarhente zokuQonda
6. I-Plasma: I-Liquid Matrix
7. Ukubaluleka Kokwahlulwa Kwegazi Kwizifo Zonyango
8. Iindlela ezintsha zokwahlula igazi
9. Ukwahlulwa kweGazi ngaphaya kokuxilongwa
10. Isiphelo
Iziseko ze-Blood Centrifugation
I-Centrifugation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwezonyango kunye nokuxilongwa kwezonyango. Ngokwahlulahlula iinxalenye ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo, ivumela izazinzulu kunye neengcali zezempilo ukuba zifunde kwaye zihlalutye ngokufanelekileyo iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zegazi. Inkqubo ye-centrifugation ibandakanya ukujikeleza isampuli yegazi ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo ebangela amandla e-centrifugal abangela ukuba iinxalenye ezinzima zibe yinkunkuma ezantsi kwetyhubhu.
Inkqubo Yokwahlulwa kunye Nokwakhiwa Kwamacandelo
Xa igazi lifakwa kwi-centrifuge, liyahlukana libe ziingqimba ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-RBC) ezantsi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBC) kunye neeplatelets embindini, kunye neplasma entla. Ukwahlukana kungenxa yomahluko kubuninzi bezi zinto.
Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: Abathwali beoksijini
Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-erythrocytes, zezona zininzi kakhulu egazini. Ziqulathe iproteni eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin, ebopha i-oxygen ize iyithuthe emzimbeni wonke. Ngexesha le-centrifugation, ii-RBC zenza i-pellet exineneyo ezantsi kwetyhubhu. Umbala wazo obomvu otyebileyo ngumphumo wemolekyuli ethwala i-oxygen. Ukuqonda inani, ubungakanani, kunye nokuma kwee-RBC kubalulekile ekuxilongeni i-anemia, iingxaki zezintso, kunye nezinye iimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Abakhuseli bomzimba
Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye ii-leukocytes, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Zikhusela umzimba kwizifo, iintsholongwane, kunye nezinto zangaphandle. Ngokungafaniyo nee-RBC, ii-WBC zincinci kakhulu ngenani. Ngexesha lokucoca, zenza umaleko omncinci ngaphezu kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuhlalutya iintlobo kunye noxinzelelo lwee-WBC kubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye kunceda ekuchongeni izifo, ii-allergies, iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba, kunye ne-leukemia.
Iiplatelets: Iiarhente zokuQoqa
Iiplatelets, okanye ii-thrombocytes, zibalulekile ekuqiniseni igazi, zithintela ukopha kakhulu xa kwenzeka ingozi. Ezi nxalenye zeplatelets zincinci kakhulu xa zithelekiswa nee-RBC kunye nee-WBC kodwa zininzi egazini. Ngexesha lokucoca igazi, iiplatelets ziqokelelana ngaphezulu nje komaleko weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Uphononongo lokubala kweeplatelets kunye nomsebenzi wazo lunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki zokopha, ukujonga unyango lwe-anticoagulant, kunye nokuvavanya umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo.
I-Plasma: I-Liquid Matrix
I-plasma yinxalenye yegazi enombala wengca, ehlala emva kokuba iiseli zisusiwe. Yenza malunga ne-55% yegazi kwaye inamanzi, ii-electrolytes, iiproteni, iihomoni, ii-metabolites, kunye neemveliso zenkunkuma. Ngexesha le-centrifugation, i-plasma ihlala kumaleko aphezulu etyhubhu. Ukuhlalutya iinxalenye ze-plasma kubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yomntu iyonke, kubandakanya imisebenzi yesibindi nezintso, ibhalansi ye-electrolyte, iprofayili yamafutha, kunye neempawu zezifo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukubaluleka Kokwahlulwa Kwegazi Kwizifo Zonyango
Ukwahlulwa kwegazi nge-centrifugation kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxilongweni kwezonyango. Kuvumela iingcali zempilo ukuba zihlalutye ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezithile kwaye zichonge izinto ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukungalingani. Umzekelo, ngokulinganisa amanqanaba ee-enzymes okanye iiproteni ezithile kwi-plasma, oogqirha banokuchonga iimeko ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, izifo zesibindi, okanye iingxaki zezintso.
Iindlela Ezintsha Zokwahlukanisa Igazi
Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kukhokelele ekuphuhlisweni kweendlela ezintsha zokwahlula igazi. Enye yezo ndlela yi-density gradient centrifugation. Ibandakanya ukubeka i-gradient ye-densities ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ye-centrifuge. Njengoko isampuli ijikeleza, ii-components zihamba kwi-gradient, zahlula zibe zii-layers ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo. Le ndlela ivumela ukwahlulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi kwee-components ezithile zegazi kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Ukwahlulwa kwegazi ngaphaya kokuxilongwa
Ngaphandle kokuxilongwa kwezonyango, iindlela zokwahlulwa kwegazi zifumana ukusetyenziswa kuphando lwezonyango kunye neenkqubo zonyango. Abaphandi basebenzisa i-centrifugation ukwahlula izinto ezithile zokufunda imisebenzi yazo, ukwenza uvavanyo lwemfuza, okanye ukuphuhlisa amayeza amatsha. Ukongeza, iinkqubo ezithile zonyango, ezifana nonyango lwe-plasma ecebileyo ngeplatelet (PRP), zisebenzisa iindlela zokwahlulwa kwegazi ukukhupha i-plasma ecebileyo ngeplatelet kwaye ziyifake kwiithishu ezonakeleyo ukuze kuphuculwe ukuphiliswa.
Isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokucoca igazi ivumela ukwahlulwa kwezakhi ezahlukeneyo, ezizezi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets, kunye neplasma. Izakhi nganye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni komzimba kwaye inika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ngempilo yomntu. Ngokuqonda iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukileyo yala macandelo, iingcali zonyango zinokuxilonga izifo, zibeke iliso kunyango, kwaye zenze uphando olubalulekileyo ukuze ziqhubele phambili ulwazi lwezonyango kunye nokuphucula unyango lwezigulane.
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