ingaba ingenakunyibilika. iiprecipitates zahlulwe yi-centrifuge
1. Intshayelelo kwi-Insoluble Precipitates kunye ne-Centrifugation
2. Isayensi Ebangela Ukujikeleza Kwe-Centrifugation
3. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kweModeli ezahlukeneyo zeCentrifuge
4. Ukuphucula iiParameters zeCentrifugation ukuze kwahlulwe ngempumelelo iPrecipitate
5. Ukusetyenziswa kweCentrifugation kwiiShishini ezahlukeneyo
6. Isiphelo: Ukusebenzisa iCentrifugation ukuze kwahlulwe i-Insoluble Precipitate Distribution ngempumelelo
1. Intshayelelo kwi-Insoluble Precipitates kunye ne-Centrifugation
Iiprecipitates ezinganyibilikiyo zii-solid particles ezithi zenziwe xa izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zisabela kwisisombululo, nto leyo ebangela ukuveliswa kwe-solid compound. Ezi precipitates zinokuvela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi nezemizi-mveliso, kuquka ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali, uphuhliso lwamayeza, kunye nohlalutyo lokusingqongileyo. Enye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo ezisetyenziswayo ukwahlula iiprecipitates ezinganyibilikiyo kwisisombululo yi-centrifugation.
I-Centrifugation yindlela esebenzisa imigaqo ye-sedimentation kunye namandla okutsala umbane ukwahlula amasuntswana aqinileyo kumxube wolwelo. Ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esijikelezayo esinesantya esiphezulu, esaziwa ngokuba yi-centrifuge, esisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal kwisampuli. La mandla abangela amasuntswana axineneyo, njengee-precipitates ezinganyibilikiyo, ukuba afudukele ezantsi kwetyhubhu ye-centrifuge, nto leyo evumela ukuba ahlukane nolwelo olungaphezulu.
2. Isayensi Ebangela Ukujikeleza Kwe-Centrifugation
Ukujikeleza kwe-centrifugation kuxhomekeke kumahluko kubuninzi kunye nobukhulu bee-particles ngaphakathi komxube. Xa isampuli ifakwa kwi-centrifuge tube kwaye iphantsi kwesantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza, amandla e-centrifugal asebenza "njengomxhuzulane wokwenziwa" kwaye akhawulezise ii-particles ukuya ezantsi kwi-tube. La mandla ahambelana ngokuthe ngqo nesantya sokujikeleza kwaye ahambelana ngokuphambeneyo ne-radius ukusuka embindini wokujikeleza.
Njengoko isampuli ijikeleza, amasuntswana amancinci nangenaxinano ahlala exhonywe kulwelo kwaye asuswa lula. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amasuntswana amakhulu naxineneyo, afana namasuntswana anganyibilikiyo, aqokelelana ngokukhawuleza ezantsi kwetyhubhu ngenxa yokungakwazi kwawo ukuhlala exhonywe ngokuchasene namandla e-centrifugal asetyenzisiweyo. Olu hluko lwenziwa lula kukwenziwa kwe-pellet, ubunzima obuxineneyo bamasuntswana aqinileyo ezantsi kwetyhubhu ye-centrifuge.
3. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kweModeli ezahlukeneyo zeCentrifuge
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-precipitates ezinganyibilikiyo kusetyenziswa i-centrifugation kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimodeli ye-centrifuge esetyenzisiweyo. Uyilo olwahlukeneyo lwe-centrifuge, olufana ne-high-speed, i-ultracentrifuges, kunye ne-refrigerated centrifuges, luphawulwa ngokutshintsha kwesantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza, ulawulo lobushushu, kunye nohlobo lwe-rotor esetyenzisiweyo. Ezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezilungileyo zokwahlulwa.
Ii-centrifuge ezikhawulezayo zinokufikelela kwisantya esifikelela kwiinguqu ezingama-20,000 ngomzuzu (rpm), ngelixa ii-ultracentrifuge zikwazi ukuvelisa isantya esingaphezulu kwe-100,000 rpm. Okukhona isantya sokujikeleza siphezulu, kokukhona amandla e-centrifuge esetyenziswayo aphezulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni ngcono kokwahlulwa. Ii-centrifuge ezifrijiweyo, kwelinye icala, zibonelela ngolawulo lobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo ukuthintela ukuwohloka kobushushu beesampuli ezinobuthathaka.
4. Ukuphucula iiParameters zeCentrifugation ukuze kwahlulwe ngempumelelo iPrecipitate
Ukuze kufezekiswe ukwahlulwahlulwa okusebenzayo kweeprecipitates ezinganyibilikiyo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kwaye kuphuculwe iiparameter ezininzi. Ukukhethwa kwesantya esifanelekileyo se-centrifuge kunye nobude bexesha kubalulekile, njengoko ukudlula isantya esibalulekileyo se-precipitate ethile kunokubangela ukuba amasuntswana afunekayo aphinde axhonywe. Ukongeza, amaxesha okwandiswa kwe-centrifugation anokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kweeprecipitates zesibini okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwamasuntswana angafunekiyo.
Ukukhetha i-rotor efanelekileyo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukwahlukana okufanelekileyo. Ii-rotor ezine-angle ezinzileyo zilungele kakhulu ukutsalwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-particle kwimithamo emincinci, ngelixa ii-rotor ezine-swinging-bucket zilungele imithamo emikhulu yesampulu kunye ne-gradients. Ukulungelelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-centrifuge rotor kubalulekile ukuthintela umonakalo onokubakho kwizixhobo kunye nokulahleka kwesampulu.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kweCentrifugation kwiiShishini ezahlukeneyo
Ukucoca i-centrifuge kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi zesayensi nezoshishino. Kwishishini lezemithi, ii-centrifuge zisetyenziswa ngexesha lokwenziwa kwamayeza kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso, okuvumela ukwahlula izithako ezisebenzayo zezemithi kwizinto ezingcolileyo okanye iimveliso ezingaphandle. Kwicandelo lohlalutyo lokusingqongileyo, ukucoca i-centrifuge kunceda ekwahlukaniseni izinto ezincinci kwiisampuli zamanzi amdaka, kunceda kwiinkqubo zokucoca amanzi.
Ngaphezu koko, i-centrifugation isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiilabhoratri zophando lwebhayoloji ukwahlula izinto zeseli, ezifana neeproteni, i-DNA, kunye nee-organelles zeseli. Le ndlela yokwahlula ibalulekile ekufundeni izakhiwo zeseli kunye nokuqonda imisebenzi yeseli. I-centrifugation ikwasetyenziswa nakwiishishini zokutya neziselo, apho inceda ukwahlula izinto ezingafunekiyo kwimveliso yolwelo, iqinisekisa iimveliso zomgangatho ophezulu.
6. Isiphelo: Ukusebenzisa iCentrifugation ukuze kwahlulwe i-Insoluble Precipitate Distribution ngempumelelo
I-Centrifugation inika indlela enamandla nesetyenziswa kakhulu yokwahlulahlula izinto ezitshileyo ezinganyibilikiyo kwimixube yolwelo. Ukuqonda imigaqo esemva kwe-centrifugation kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ngokukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kweeparamitha ze-centrifuge, izazinzulu kunye neenjineli zinokwahlulahlula ngempumelelo kwaye zifumane izinto ezitshileyo ezixabisekileyo, okuvumela uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo.
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