centrifuge imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa DNA ndi

Centrifuge: Chida Chosinthira Kupatukana kwa DNA

Chiyambi

Mu kafukufuku wamakono wa zamoyo ndi zamankhwala, kutulutsa DNA kumakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Asayansi amafuna DNA yoyera komanso yosawonongeka kuti aphunzire makhalidwe a majini, kupanga mankhwala ochiritsira, komanso kumvetsetsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Chida chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi centrifuge. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kulekanitsa DNA ndi zigawo zina za maselo, zomwe zimathandiza ofufuza kupeza zinthu zoyera za majini. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza dziko losangalatsa la centrifuge ndikuwunika momwe zimathandizira pakupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wa DNA.

Kumvetsetsa Centrifugation

Kutsegula magetsi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi ya zamoyo ndi sayansi ya zamoyo kuti ilekanitse zosakaniza kutengera kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa tinthu. Kutsegula magetsi kumapatukana pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zazikulu zokoka ku chosakanizacho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisungunuke kapena kuyandama. Njirayi ikufanana ndi kuvina kwa mphepo yamkuntho komwe mphamvu zimagwira ntchito pa chosakanizacho, ndikuyendetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana kupita kumalo osiyanasiyana.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Centrifugation Pogawa DNA

DNA, yokhala ndi zingwe zake zazitali komanso zolumikizana, imafuna kuigwira mosamala panthawi yodzipatula. Kuzungulira kumapereka malo olamulidwa kuti athetse vutoli. Kudzera mu kuzungulira kolondola, pakatikati kumalekanitsa mamolekyu a DNA ndi zigawo zina za maselo monga mapuloteni, mafuta, ndi RNA, zomwe zimathandiza ofufuza kuphunzira za makhalidwe ake apadera.

Kufunika kwa Kulekanitsa DNA

DNA, yomwe ndi pulani ya moyo, ili ndi chinsinsi cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi kosawerengeka. Kaya kufufuza zitukuko zakale kudzera m'zotsalira zakale kapena kupanga mankhwala apadera, kuyera ndi ubwino wa DNA yotulutsidwa ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kutsegula DNA kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupeza chitsanzo cha DNA choyerachi, motero kulola ofufuza kufufuza mozama zinsinsi za maselo.

Mitundu ya Ma Centrifuge

Ma centrifuge amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iliyonse yopangidwira zolinga zapadera zofufuzira. Zida zimenezi zimagawidwa m'magulu monga ma ultracentrifuge, ma microcentrifuge, ndi ma preparative centrifuge, ndipo zimakwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za kufufuza kwasayansi.

Ma ultracentrifuge

Ma ultracentrifuge, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, amagwira ntchito pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili pansi pa micrometer tisiyanitsidwe. Popeza amatha kukwaniritsa mphamvu zoposa 500,000 mphamvu yokoka, ma ultracentrifuge ndi ofunikira pophunzira kapangidwe ka maselo ndikupeza zitsanzo za DNA zofooka.

Ma microcentrifuge

Ma microcentrifuge, omwe ndi ochepa, ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma laboratories ambiri ofufuza. Ma centrifuge amenewa amatha kufikira mphamvu yokoka mpaka kuwirikiza nthawi 20,000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pochotsa DNA nthawi zonse pomwe zitsanzo zochepa zimakhala zokwanira.

Ma Centrifuge Okonzekera

Popangidwa kuti zikhale zazikulu, ma centrifuge okonzekera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa kuchuluka kwa DNA komwe kumafunika. Mtundu uwu wa centrifuge umalola kukonza kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zazikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale zomwe zimafuna kuchotsa DNA yambiri, monga kusanthula DNA kapena kusanthula kwa forensic.

Njira Yopatukana kwa DNA

Kupeza DNA yoyera kudzera mu centrifugation kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zofunika:

1. Kukonzekera Chitsanzo: Gawo loyamba limaphatikizapo kupatula zinthu zamoyo zomwe zili ndi DNA yofunikira. Izi zitha kukhala magazi, minofu, kapena selo lina lililonse lomwe lili ndi zinthu za majini zomwe mukufuna.

2. Kutulutsa DNA: Kuti maselo atulutse DNA, maselo amasokonezeka ndipo nembanemba zawo zimasweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti DNA itulutsidwe kukhala yankho. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zinazake zotetezera zomwe zimateteza DNA kuti isawonongeke.

3. Kuzungulira: Chitsanzo chokonzedwacho chimayikidwa mu chubu cha centrifuge, ndipo pambuyo posintha magawo oyenera, centrifuge imayikidwa kuti iyende. Kuzungulirako kumapanga mphamvu yokoka yamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisiyane kutengera kuchuluka kwake. Pakapita nthawi, tinthu ta DNA tolimba kwambiri timagwera pansi pa chubu, ndikusiya zinthu zina pamwamba.

4. Kusonkhanitsa DNA: Njira yoyezera DNA ikatha, madzi omwe ali pamwamba pa DNA amachotsedwa mosamala, ndikusiya madontho amtengo wapatali a DNA okha. Kenako DNA imayikidwa mu buffer yoyenera, kuonetsetsa kuti ili yokhazikika komanso yoyenera kusanthula pambuyo pake.

Mapeto

Luso lodabwitsa la centrifuge lolekanitsa DNA ndi zigawo zina za maselo lasintha kafukufuku wa majini. Kudzera mu centrifuge, asayansi amapeza chitsanzo cha DNA chenicheni, chofunikira kwambiri pomvetsetsa makhalidwe a majini, kupanga njira zothandizira, komanso kuphunzira matenda osiyanasiyana. Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, centrifuge ikupitilizabe kusintha, kukulitsa luso ndi liwiro la kulekanitsa DNA. Pakupita patsogolo kulikonse, timayandikira kwambiri kutsegula zinsinsi zomwe zili mkati mwa DNA ndikusintha kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa moyo wokha.