i-centrifuge isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa i-DNA ne-DNA

I-Centrifuge: Ithuluzi Eliyinguquko Lokuhlukaniswa Kwe-DNA

Isingeniso

Ocwaningweni lwesimanje lwe-biology kanye nolwezokwelapha, ukukhishwa kwe-DNA kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ososayensi badinga i-DNA emsulwa nengonakalisiwe ukuze bafunde izici zofuzo, bathuthukise imithi yokwelapha, futhi baqonde izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ithuluzi elibalulekile kule nqubo yi-centrifuge. Le divayisi isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa i-DNA kwezinye izingxenye zamaseli, okwenza abacwaningi bakwazi ukuthola izinto zofuzo ezihlanzekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umhlaba othakazelisayo wama-centrifuge futhi sihlolisise ukuthi anikela kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kocwaningo lwe-DNA.

Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi ku-biology kanye ne-biotechnology ukuhlukanisa izingxube ngokusekelwe ekwehlukeni kobuningi bezinhlayiya. I-centrifuge ifinyelela ukuhlukana ngokusebenzisa amandla amakhulu adonsela phansi engxubeni, okubangela izinhlayiya eziqinile ukuba zichithe noma zintante. Le nqubo ifana nomdanso we-whirlwind lapho amandla enza khona phezu kwengxube, eqhuba izinhlayiya zobuningi obuhlukahlukene ziye ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Ukusebenzisa i-Centrifugation ekuhlukaniseni i-DNA

I-DNA, enemicu yayo emide, ehlangene, idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa. I-Centrifugation inikeza indawo elawulwayo yale nqubo yokuhlukanisa. Ngochungechunge lokujikeleza okunembile, i-centrifuge ihlukanisa ama-molecule e-DNA kwezinye izingxenye zamaseli ezifana namaprotheni, ama-lipid, ne-RNA, okuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi batadishe izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlukaniswa Kwe-DNA

I-DNA, ipulani yokuphila, iphethe isihluthulelo sentuthuko yesayensi engenakubalwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlola imiphakathi yasendulo ngezinsalela zezinto zakudala noma ukuthuthukisa imithi eyenzelwe wena, ubumsulwa kanye nekhwalithi ye-DNA ekhishwe kubalulekile. I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni le sampula ye-DNA emsulwa, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bahlole ngokujulile izimfihlo zamaseli.

Izinhlobo ze-Centrifuges

Ama-Centrifuge eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngayinye yenzelwe izinjongo ezithile zocwaningo. Lawa mathuluzi ahlukaniswe kabanzi ngokuthi ama-ultracentrifuge, ama-microcentrifuge, kanye nama-preparative centrifuge, ahlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola kwesayensi.

Ama-Ultracentrifuge

Ama-Ultracentrifuge, njengoba negama lisho, asebenza ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane kune-micrometer. Njengoba zikwazi ukufeza amandla adonsela phansi angaphezu kuka-500,000, ama-ultracentrifuge abalulekile ekutadisheni izakhiwo zamangqamuzana kanye nokuhlukanisa amasampula e-DNA abucayi.

Ama-Microcentrifuge

Ama-microcentrifuge, ngezinga lawo elincane, ayimisebenzi enzima kakhulu kuma-laboratory amaningi ocwaningo. Lawa ma-centrifuge ayakwazi ukufinyelela amandla adonsela phansi afinyelela izikhathi ezingu-20,000, okwenza abe afaneleke kakhulu ekukhishweni kwe-DNA okuvamile lapho amasampula amancane anele khona.

Ama-Centrifuge Okulungiselela

Njengoba yakhelwe amavolumu amakhulu, ama-centrifuge okulungiselela asetshenziswa lapho kudingeka ukuhlukanisa inani elikhulu le-DNA. Lolu hlobo lwe-centrifuge luvumela ukucubungula amavolumu amasampula amakhulu, okwenza lufanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezidinga ukukhishwa kwe-DNA ngobuningi, njengokulandelana kwe-DNA noma ukuhlaziywa kwe-forensic.

Inqubo Yokuhlukaniswa Kwe-DNA

Ukuthola i-DNA emsulwa ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugation kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile:

1. Ukulungiselela Isampula: Isinyathelo sokuqala sihilela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo eziphethe i-DNA ethakazelisayo. Lokhu kungaba igazi, izicubu, noma omunye umthombo weseli oqukethe izinto zofuzo eziqondiwe.

2. Ukuvuselelwa Kwamaseli: Ukuze kukhishwe i-DNA, amaseli ayaphazamiseka futhi ulwelwesi lwawo luphuke, okuvumela ukuthi i-DNA ikhishwe ibe yisisombululo. Le nqubo ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezithile ze-buffer ezivikela i-DNA ekuwohlokeni.

3. Ukushintshashintsha: Isampula elungisiwe ifakwa epayipini le-centrifuge, futhi ngemva kokulungisa amapharamitha afanele, i-centrifuge iyaqala ukunyakaza. Ukujikijela kudala amandla amakhulu okudonsa, okwenza izinhlayiya zihlukane ngokusekelwe ekuminyaneni kwazo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlayiya ze-DNA eziqinile ziyawa phansi kwepayipi, zishiye ezinye izingxenye ngaphezulu.

4. Ukuqoqwa kwe-DNA: Uma inqubo ye-centrifugation isiqediwe, uketshezi olungaphezu kwe-pellet ye-DNA lususwa ngokucophelela, kusale kuphela izinsalela ze-DNA eziyigugu. I-DNA ibe isilengiswe endaweni efanele yokuvikela, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwayo nokufaneleka kwayo ekuhlaziyweni okulandelayo.

Isiphetho

Ikhono elimangalisayo le-centrifuge lokuhlukanisa i-DNA kwezinye izingxenye zamaseli lishintshe ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo. Ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugation, ososayensi bathola ukufinyelela kusampula ye-DNA emsulwa, ebalulekile ekuqondeni izici zofuzo, ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokwelapha, nasekufundeni izifo ezahlukahlukene. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ama-centrifuge ayaqhubeka nokukhula, athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nesivinini sokuhlukaniswa kwe-DNA. Ngokuthuthuka ngakunye, sisondela kakhulu ekuvuleni izimfihlakalo ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwezintambo ze-DNA futhi siguqule ukuqonda kwethu impilo uqobo.