he aha ke ʻano o nā hui i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka centrifugation
Centrifugation: Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui like ʻole ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o ka density
Hoʻolauna:
He ʻenehana hoʻokolohua ikaika ka centrifugation i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui ʻana ma muli o ko lākou ʻokoʻa density. Ma ka hoʻolilo ʻana i kahi hui i ka wili wikiwiki, hoʻohana ka centrifugation i nā kumumanaʻo o ka ikaika umekaumaha e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. Loaʻa i kēia ʻenehana nā noi ākea ma nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka biology, kemika, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano hui like ʻole i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia e ka centrifugation, me kā lākou mau noi.
1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko:
ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana maʻamau o ka centrifugation ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko. Hana ʻia ke koko holoʻokoʻa i nā ʻāpana cellular a me nā wai like ʻole, he ʻokoʻa nā mānoanoa o kēlā me kēia. Ma ka milo ʻana i kahi hāpana koko i loko o kahi centrifuge, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana i nā papa like ʻole. ʻO nā ʻāpana kaumaha, e like me nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, e noho ana ma lalo, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea māmā, e like me ka plasma a i ʻole serum, e noho ana ma luna.
Kōkua ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko no nā kumu diagnostic, e like me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pae hematocrit a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā cell kikoʻī e like me nā platelets a i ʻole nā kelepona koko keʻokeʻo no ka nānā hou aku. Eia kekahi, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka centrifugation i ka waihona koko, e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke koko i nā ʻāpana like ʻole no nā kumu hoʻoili koko.
2. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka DNA a me ka RNA:
ʻO nā ʻano hana unuhi DNA a me RNA e hilinaʻi nui ana i ka centrifugation no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana unuhi, loaʻa pinepine nā mea haumia i nā hāpana olaola, e like me nā protein, lipids, a i ʻole nā ʻōpala cellular ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā loiloi genetic ma hope. Kōkua ka Centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka DNA a i ʻole RNA mai kēia mau mea haumia, e hopena ana i nā mea genetic i hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa ʻia.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano centrifugation like ʻole, e like me ka differential centrifugation a me ka isopycnic density gradient centrifugation, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka DNA a i ʻole RNA ma muli o ko lākou mau densities. He mea nui kēia kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe no nā noi e like me ka gene sequencing, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), a me ka DNA fingerprinting, no ka mea, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā hopena pololei a hilinaʻi hoʻi.
3. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea ʻāpana i ka loiloi kaiapuni:
Loaʻa pū ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka centrifugation i ka loiloi kaiapuni, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mea particulate. Hiki i nā hāpana kaiapuni, e like me ka sediment a i ʻole ka lepo, ke loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻāpana organik a me nā inorganic me nā density like ʻole. Ma ke kau ʻana i kēia mau hāpana i ka centrifugation, hiki i nā mea kālailai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma muli o kā lākou mau helu sedimentation.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano hana hoʻokaʻawale no ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea haumia o ke kaiapuni, ka ʻike ʻana i nā metala kaumaha, a i ʻole ke kālailai ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻāpana i loko o nā laʻana ea a wai paha. Kōkua ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o nā mea particulate, e ʻae ana i ka nānā pololei a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻēmi ma hope.
4. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Organelles Subcellular:
He ʻano hana koʻikoʻi ka centrifugation no ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano cellular a me kā lākou mau hana. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka differential centrifugation a i ʻole ka density gradient centrifugation, hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā organelles subcellular kikoʻī, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kaʻina hana cellular.
No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mitochondria, nā hale mana o ke kelepona, mai ke koena o nā ʻāpana kelepona ma o ka ultracentrifugation. Pēlā nō, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā organelles ʻē aʻe e like me lysosomes, peroxisomes, a i ʻole endoplasmic reticulum ma o ka centrifugation ʻokoʻa ma nā wikiwiki a me nā lōʻihi like ʻole.
5. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana virus:
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka centrifugation i ka virology, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana virus. Ua kaulana nā virus no ko lākou liʻiliʻi a me ka paʻakikī, e hoʻolilo ana i ko lākou kaʻawale ʻana i mea paʻakikī. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana centrifugation wikiwiki e like me ka ultracentrifugation, hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana virus mai nā cell host a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe.
Kōkua kēia kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi virus, ka noiʻi ʻana i nā maʻi viral, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau pale. Kōkua pū ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma o ka centrifugation i ka helu ʻana o ka maʻi virus a hiki ai ke nānā hou aku, me ka microscopy electron a i ʻole ke ʻano molekala.
Hopena:
He ʻano hana like ʻole ka centrifugation e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou ʻokoʻa density. He ākea loa kāna mau noi, mai nā diagnostics lapaʻau a me ka nānā ʻana i ka genetic a hiki i ka noiʻi kaiapuni a me ka virology. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumumanaʻo o ka ikaika umekaumaha a me ka hoʻohuli wikiwiki, ke hoʻomau nei ka centrifugation i mea hana pono ʻole i nā hana ʻepekema he nui ʻole.
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