mhando dzipi dzemisanganiswa dzinoparadzaniswa ne centrifugation

Kuparadzanisa Misanganiswa Yakasiyana-siyana Zvichienderana Nekusiyana Kwehuwandu Hwayo

Nhanganyaya:

Kupinza zvinhu mu "centrifugation" inzira ine simba inoshandiswa murabhoritari kupatsanura misanganiswa zvichienderana nekusiyana kwayo muhukuru. Nekuisa musanganiswa pakutenderera nekukurumidza, kupinza zvinhu mu "centrifugation" kunoshandisa misimboti yesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi kuti zviparadzaniswe. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira biology, chemistry, medicine, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora mhando dzakasiyana dzemisanganiswa inogona kupatsanurwa zvinobudirira ne "centrifugation", pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwayo.

1. Kupatsanurwa kweZvikamu zveRopa:

Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuita centrifugation ndeyekupatsanurwa kwezvikamu zveropa. Ropa rose rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasero nezvemvura, chimwe nechimwe chine huwandu hwakasiyana. Nekutenderedza sampuro yeropa mucentrifuge, zvikamu izvi zvinogona kupatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana. Zvikamu zvinorema, zvakaita semasero matsvuku eropa, zvinogara pasi, nepo zviya zvakareruka, zvakaita seplasma kana serum, zvichiramba zviri pamusoro.

Kuisa ropa mu centrifugation kunobatsira mukupatsanura zvikamu zveropa kuti zviongororwe, zvakaita sekuona huwandu hwe hematocrit kana kupatsanura masero akadai semaplatelet kana masero machena eropa kuti aongororwe zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, kuisa ropa mu centrifugation kunoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza ropa, zvichigonesa kupatsanura ropa kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana zveropa kuti rishandiswe pakuwedzerwa ropa.

2. Kucheneswa kweDNA neRNA:

Maitiro ekubvisa DNA neRNA anonyanya kushandisa centrifugation kuti icheneswe zvakanaka. Munguva yekubvisa, sampuli dzebhayoloji dzinowanzova netsvina, dzakadai semapuroteni, mafuta, kana mamwe marara emasero, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuongororwa kwemajini kunotevera. Centrifugation inobatsira kuparadzanisa DNA kana RNA kubva kune tsvina iyi, zvichikonzera kuti majini acheneswe zvakanyanya.

Nzira dzakasiyana dze centrifugation, dzakadai se differential centrifugation uye isopycnic density gradient centrifugation, dzinoshandiswa kupatsanura DNA kana RNA zvichienderana nehuwandu hwadzo. Maitiro aya ekuchenesa akakosha pakushandisa gene sequencing, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), uye DNA fingerprinting, sezvo zvichiita kuti pave nemhedzisiro chaiyo uye yakavimbika.

3. Kupatsanurwa kweZvinhu Zvidiki muKuongorora Zvakatipoteredza:

Kuchengetedza nharaunda kunoshandisawo centrifugation mukuongorora nharaunda, kunyanya mukupatsanurwa uye kuongororwa kwezvimedu. Mienzaniso yezvakatipoteredza, senge sediment kana ivhu, inogona kunge iine zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zveorganic neinorganic zvine densities dzakasiyana. Nekuisa sampuli idzi mu centrifugation, vaongorori vanogona kupatsanura zvikamu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwazvo hwe sedimentation.

Nzira iyi yekuparadzanisa inokosha pakudzidza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuona simbi dzinorema, kana kuongorora kupararira kwezvidimbu mumhepo kana mumvura. Kuchenesa simbi kunobatsira mukubvisa zvidimbu zvezvidimbu, zvichibvumira kuongororwa kwakarurama uye nzira dzinotevera dzekuderedza kusvibiswa.

4. Kuparadzaniswa kweZvipenyu Zvidiki zveSubcellular:

Kupinza masero mumasero inzira inokosha pakudzidza maumbirwo emasero nemabasa awo. Nekushandisa differential centrifugation kana density gradient centrifugation, vaongorori vanogona kusiyanisa maorganelles epasi pemasero, ayo akakosha pakunzwisisa maitiro emasero.

Semuenzaniso, mitochondria, simba resero, inogona kuwedzerwa nekuparadzaniswa kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvesero kuburikidza ne ultracentrifugation. Saizvozvowo, mamwe ma organelles akadai se lysosomes, peroxisomes, kana endoplasmic reticulum anogona kuparadzaniswa kuburikidza ne differential centrifugation nekumhanya kwakasiyana uye kwenguva dzakasiyana.

5. Kucheneswa kweZvidimbu zveVirusi:

Kupinza hutachiona mumasero (centrifugation) kunoita basa guru mukuongorora utachiona, kunyanya mukuchenesa tupukanana twehutachiona. Mavhairasi anozivikanwa nekukura kwawo kudiki uye kuoma kwawo, zvichiita kuti kuzviparadzanisa kwawo kuve basa rakaoma. Zvisinei, nekushandisa nzira dzekukurumidza dzekuparadzira utachiona dzakadai se ultracentrifugation, vaongorori vanogona kuparadzanisa tupukanana twehutachiona kubva kumasero emuviri uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa.

Maitiro aya ekuchenesa anobatsira mukunzwisisa chimiro chehutachiona, kuongorora hutachiona hwehutachiona, uye kugadzira majekiseni. Kupatsanurwa kuburikidza ne centrifugation kunobatsirawo mukuyerwa kwehutachiona uye kunogonesa kuongororwa kwakawanda, kusanganisira electron microscopy kana molecular characterization.

Mhedziso:

Kugadzira centrifugation inzira inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana inoita kuti kupatsanurwa kwemisanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana kuenderane nekusiyana kwayo muhuwandu. Mashandisirwo ayo anosvika kure, kubva pakuongorora zvokurapa uye kuongorora majini kusvika pakutsvagurudza zvakatipoteredza uye virology. Nekushandisa misimboti yesimba rinokwevera pasi uye kutenderera nekukurumidza, centrifugation inoramba iri chishandiso chakakosha mumabasa akawanda esainzi.