i-centrifugation ihlukanisa kanjani izingxenye zegazi

Isingeniso se-Centrifugation kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekuhlukaniseni igazi

Ukuqonda Izingxenye Zegazi Nezindima Zazo

Inqubo Yokukhuphula Isivinini: Incazelo Yesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Centrifugation Ezimweni Zezokwelapha Nocwaningo

Izinselele kanye Nentuthuko Yesikhathi Esizayo Ekuhlukanisweni Kwezingxenye Zegazi

Isingeniso se-Centrifugation kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekuhlukaniseni igazi

I-Centrifugation iyindlela enamandla esetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yesayensi neyezokwelapha ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zezingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi. Enye yezindlela zayo ezibalulekile isekuhlukaniseni izingxenye zegazi, okunomthelela omkhulu ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal, le nqubo ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezahlukene zamaseli nama-molecule ezikhona egazini, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe nocwaningo.

Ukuqonda Izingxenye Zegazi Nezindima Zazo

Igazi, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umfula wokuphila," liwuketshezi oluyinkimbinkimbi oluqukethe izingxenye ezahlukene ezenza imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni. Lezi zingxenye zingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (ama-erythrocyte), amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-leukocyte), kanye nama-platelet (ama-thrombocyte). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plasma, ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi, iqukethe amaprotheni ahlukahlukene, ama-hormone, ama-electrolyte, kanye namanye ama-molecule abalulekile.

Amaseli abomvu egazi (ama-RBC) anesibopho sokuthwala umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba nokususa i-carbon dioxide. Amaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-WBC) adlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba, evikela umzimba ezifweni kanye nakubahlaseli bangaphandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-platelet abalulekile ekuqineni kwegazi, evimbela ukopha ngokweqile. Ukuqonda imisebenzi kanye nezakhiwo zalezi zingxenye zegazi kubalulekile kokubili ngezinjongo zokuxilonga kanye nezokwelapha.

Inqubo Yokukhuphula Isivinini: Incazelo Yesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Ukwehlukanisa izingxenye zegazi kuhilela ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezahlukene zengxube ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo, ubuningi, kanye nesimo. Emongweni wokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi, inqubo iqala ngokuqoqwa kwamasampula egazi kubantu ngabanye. Lawa masampula avame ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela kanye nama-Centrifugation Tubes

Amasampula egazi aqoqwa emapayipini akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi amapayipi e-centrifuge, aklanyelwe ukumelana namandla aphezulu adonsela phansi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-centrifuge. Amapayipi alebula ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonza okunembile izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe.

Isinyathelo 2: Ukusethwa kwe-Centrifuge

I-centrifuge ihlelwe ngezibambi ze-rotor kanye ne-tube ezifanele, kucatshangelwa uhlobo kanye nomthamo wamasampula egazi. I-centrifuge isebenza ngokujikeleza amasampula ngesivinini esikhulu, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize amandla e-centrifugal.

Isinyathelo 3: Izingxenye Zegazi Ezinezingqimba

Amasampula egazi afakwa emapayipini e-centrifuge, futhi lapho ejikeleza, amandla asetshenziswayo abangela ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi zibe yizingqimba ezihlukile. Izingxenye ezixineneyo zihlala phansi kwepayipi, kuyilapho izingxenye ezingaxinene kakhulu zihlala phezulu.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukuqoqwa Kwezingxenye

Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-centrifuge, ithubhu lisuswa ngokucophelela ku-centrifuge, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukushukuma noma ukuxubana okwenzekayo. Izendlalelo zibe sezihlukaniswa ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa ama-pipettes, amadivayisi okumunca, noma amathuluzi akhethekile, kuye ngokuthi ingxenye ifunwa ukuhlukaniswa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Centrifugation Ezimweni Zezokwelapha Nocwaningo

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugation kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenza kuzo zombili izindawo zezokwelapha nezocwaningo. Ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuboneni nasekuqapheni izifo ezifana ne-anemia, izifo, i-leukemia, kanye nezinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba. Ngokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezithile, ochwepheshe bezempilo bangenza ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe kanye nokuxilongwa, basize ekuxilongweni kwesifo okunembile kanye nokuqapha ukwelashwa.

Ocwaningweni, i-centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuphenya izifo ezihlobene negazi, ukutadisha imiphakathi ethile yamaseli, nokuhlaziya izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zamaprotheni noma izinto zofuzo ezihlobene nezimo ezahlukene. Ngokuhlukanisa izingxenye zegazi, abacwaningi bangathola ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezindlela zesifo, bathuthukise izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, futhi bahlole ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.

Izinselele kanye Nentuthuko Yesikhathi Esizayo Ekuhlukanisweni Kwezingxenye Zegazi

Nakuba i-centrifugation ibonakale iyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi, iza nezinselele ezithile. Inselele eyodwa ebalulekile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungcoliswe noma kuhlukaniswe okungaphelele ngenxa yobuningi obuhambisanayo bezingxenye ezithile. Ukunqoba le nkinga kudinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kwamapharamitha e-centrifugation, okuhlanganisa isivinini, isikhathi, kanye nokushisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zamanje zokuhlukanisa igazi zivame ukudinga imishini yokuhlukanisa igazi emikhulu nebizayo, okunciphisa ukufinyeleleka kwayo ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe izinsiza. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lugxile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa igazi obuphathekayo, obungabizi kakhulu ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi kube lula emhlabeni jikelele.

Uma sibheka phambili, intuthuko efana namadivayisi e-microfluidic, ubuchwepheshe be-lab-on-a-chip, kanye namasu amasha okuhlukanisa kungashintsha ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi. Lobu buchwepheshe obusha bungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, isivinini, kanye nokuthembeka kokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi, kuvuleke indlela yokuxilonga okuthuthukisiwe, imithi eyenzelwe wena, kanye nokwelashwa okuqondiswe kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, i-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izingxenye zegazi, isiza ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha, ocwaningweni, kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kokwelapha. Ngokuqonda izimiso ezingemuva kwale ndlela kanye nokwenza ngcono ngokucophelela imingcele yenqubo, ochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nabacwaningi bangahlukanisa futhi bahlaziye izingxenye ngazinye zegazi, ngaleyo ndlela bathole ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezifo ezahlukahlukene futhi bathuthukise ukunakekelwa kweziguli.