i-centrifugation yahlula njani iinxalenye zegazi
Intshayelelo kwiCentrifugation kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ekwahlulweni kwegazi
Ukuqonda Iinxalenye Zegazi Neendima Zazo
Inkqubo yeCentrifugation: Inkcazo yeNyathelo ngeNyathelo
Ukusetyenziswa kweCentrifugation kwiindawo zonyango nezophando
Imingeni kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo ekwahlulweni kweenxalenye zegazi
Intshayelelo kwiCentrifugation kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ekwahlulweni kwegazi
I-Centrifugation yindlela enamandla esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi nezonyango ukwahlula iinxalenye zemixube enzima. Enye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwayo kukwahlula iinxalenye zegazi, nto leyo enefuthe elikhulu ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni kwezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal, le nkqubo ivumela ukwahlulwa kweenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zeseli kunye neemolekyuli ezikhoyo egazini, okuvumela uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo kunye nophando.
Ukuqonda Iinxalenye Zegazi Neendima Zazo
Igazi, elidla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ngumlambo wobomi," lulwelo oluntsonkothileyo oluquka izinto ezahlukeneyo ezenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni. Ezi zinto zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili: iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-erythrocytes), iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-leukocytes), kunye neeplatelets (ii-thrombocytes). Ukongeza, iplasma, inxalenye yolwelo yegazi, iqulethe iiproteni ezahlukeneyo, iihomoni, ii-electrolytes, kunye nezinye iimolekyuli ezibalulekileyo.
Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-RBC) zinoxanduva lokuthwala ioksijini kwiithishu zomzimba kunye nokususa i-carbon dioxide. Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBC) zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, zikhusela umzimba kwiintsholongwane kunye nabahlaseli bamanye amazwe. Kwelinye icala, iiplatelets zibalulekile ekujiyeni kwegazi, zithintela ukopha kakhulu. Ukuqonda imisebenzi kunye neempawu zezi nxalenye zegazi kubalulekile kuzo zombini iinjongo zokuxilonga kunye nezonyango.
Inkqubo yeCentrifugation: Inkcazo yeNyathelo ngeNyathelo
Ukucoca igazi (centrifugation) kubandakanya ukwahlulahlula iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zomxube ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo, ubuninzi bazo, kunye nokuma kwazo. Kwimeko yokwahlulahlula iinxalenye zegazi, inkqubo iqala ngokuqokelelwa kweesampuli zegazi kubantu ngabanye. Ezi sampuli zihlala zithintelwa ukujiya kwegazi ukuze kuthintelwe ukujiya kwegazi.
Inyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela kunye neetyhubhu zeCentrifugation
Iisampuli zegazi ziqokelelwa kwiityhubhu ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziityhubhu ze-centrifuge, ezenzelwe ukumelana namandla aphezulu omxhuzulane ngexesha lokuxinanisa. Iityhubhu ziphawulwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezinto ezahlulweyo.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukuseta iCentrifuge
I-centrifuge imiselwe ngee-rotor kunye nee-tube holders ezifanelekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo uhlobo kunye nomthamo weesampuli zegazi. I-centrifuge isebenza ngokujikeleza iisampuli ngesantya esiphezulu, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa amandla e-centrifugal.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Iinxalenye zegazi ezifakwe iileya
Iisampuli zegazi zifakwa kwiityhubhu ze-centrifuge, kwaye xa zijikeleza, amandla asetyenziswayo abangela ukwahlulwa kwezakhi zegazi zibe ziingqimba ezahlukeneyo. Izakhi ezixineneyo zihlala ezantsi kwetyhubhu, ngelixa izakhi ezingaxineneyo zihlala phezulu.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukuqokelelwa kweeCandelo
Emva kokufakwa kwe-centrifuge, ityhubhu isuswa ngononophelo kwi-centrifuge, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kushukuma okanye ukuxubana okwenzekayo. Emva koko iileya zahlulwe ngononophelo kusetyenziswa ii-pipettes, izixhobo zokufunxa, okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kuxhomekeke ekuhlukanisweni kwenxalenye efunekayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweCentrifugation kwiindawo zonyango nezophando
Ukwahlulwa kwezakhi zegazi ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugation kuneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kuzo zombini iimeko zonyango nezophando. Kwi-diagnostics yezonyango, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuchongeni nasekujongeni izifo ezifana ne-anemia, usulelo, i-leukemia, kunye neengxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngokuhlukanisa izakhi ezithile, iingcali zonyango zinokwenza uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo kunye nokuxilongwa, zincede ekuchongweni kwesifo ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubeka esweni unyango.
Kuphando, i-centrifugation isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuphanda izifo ezinxulumene negazi, ukufunda iiseli ezithile, kunye nokuhlalutya iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zeprotheni okanye izinto zofuzo ezinxulumene neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwahlula iinxalenye zegazi, abaphandi banokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga neendlela zesifo, baphuhlise unyango olutsha, kwaye bavavanye ukusebenza kakuhle konyango.
Imingeni kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo ekwahlulweni kweenxalenye zegazi
Nangona i-centrifugation ibonakalise ukuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwahlulahlula iinxalenye zegazi, iza nemingeni ethile. Omnye umceli mngeni obalulekileyo kukuba kungenzeka ukuba kubekho ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo okanye ukwahlukana okungaphelelanga ngenxa yobuninzi obuhambelanayo bezinye iinxalenye. Ukunqoba le ngxaki kufuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo kweeparamitha ze-centrifugation, kubandakanya isantya, ixesha, kunye nobushushu.
Ngaphezu koko, iindlela zangoku zokwahlula igazi zihlala zifuna izixhobo ezinkulu nezibizayo ze-centrifuge, nto leyo ethintela ukufikeleleka kwazo kwiindawo ezinqongopheleyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhubekayo lugxile ekuphuhliseni ubuchwepheshe be-centrifuge obuphathekayo, obungabizi kakhulu ukuze kwenziwe ukwahlulwa kwamacandelo egazi kube lula kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukujonga phambili, inkqubela phambili efana nezixhobo ze-microfluidic, iteknoloji yelebhu-on-a-chip, kunye neendlela ezintsha zokwahlulahlula zinokuguqula ukwahlulahlula amacandelo egazi. Ezi teknoloji zintsha zinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, isantya, kunye nokuthembeka kokwahlulahlula amacandelo egazi, zivula indlela yokuxilongwa okuphuculweyo, amayeza obuqu, kunye nonyango olujolise ngakumbi.
Isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, i-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahlulweni kwezakhi zegazi, inceda ekuxilongweni kwezonyango, kuphando, nakuphuhliso lonyango. Ngokuqonda imigaqo esemva kwale ndlela kunye nokwenza ngcono iiparameter zenkqubo, iingcali zempilo kunye nabaphandi banokwahlulahlula kwaye bahlalutye izakhi zegazi nganye nganye, ngaloo ndlela bafumane ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ngezifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphucula unyango lwezigulane.
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