indlela i-centrifuge ehlukanisa ngayo igazi

Indlela i-Centrifuge ehlukanisa ngayo igazi: Intuthuko kanye namasu

Isingeniso

Ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kwezokwelapha, okuvumela ososayensi, odokotela, kanye nabacwaningi ukuthi batadishe izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi ngokwahlukana. I-Centrifugation, inqubo esebenzisa ukujikeleza okusheshayo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni igazi libe yizingxenye zalo ezahlukene. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimiso ezingemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwegazi kwe-centrifugation futhi siqokomisa intuthuko namasu kulo mkhakha.

1. Isimiso Sokugqamisa I-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation isebenza ngesimiso se-sedimentation, esisebenzisa ubuningi obuhlukahlukene bezingxenye ezahlukene zegazi. Uma igazi lifakwa ku-centrifuge futhi lijikeleza ngokushesha, izinhlayiya eziqinile ziya phansi kuyilapho izingxenye ezilula zihlala ziseduze nephezulu. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kufezwa ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa ukunyakaza kokujikeleza, okulingana nebanga ukusuka ku-axis yokujikeleza.

2. Izinhlobo ze-Centrifuge

Ama-centrifuge angahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ama-differential centrifuge kanye nama-density gradient centrifuge.

2.1 Ama-Centrifuge Ahlukile

Ama-centrifuge ahlukene ahlukanisa izingxenye zegazi ngokusekelwe kumehluko ngobukhulu kanye nesimo. Ngokusebenzisa isivinini nobude obuhlukene bokujikeleza, i-centrifuge ingahlukanisa amaseli abomvu egazi, i-buffy coat (amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelet), kanye ne-plasma. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwegazi okuvamile, njengokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele kanye nokuthayipha igazi.

2.2 Ama-Centrifuge e-Density Gradient

Ama-centrifuge e-density gradient asebenzisa ubuningi obuhlukahlukene bezingxenye zegazi. I-density gradient medium, njengesixazululo se-sucrose noma i-iodixanol, ifakwa epayipini, bese igazi lifakwa ngokucophelela phezu kwalo. Ngesikhathi sokuxuba, izingxenye zegazi ziyahamba nge-density gradient, zihlukanise zibe amabhande ahlukene. Le ndlela ivumela ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanzwa kwezingxenye ezithile zegazi, njengegciwane, amaprotheni, kanye nama-organelle.

3. Intuthuko Emakhonweni Okuhlukanisa Igazi

3.1 I-Ultracentrifugation

I-Ultracentrifugation, ehilela ukuzungeza igazi ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu, ishintshe izindlela zokuhlukanisa igazi. Ngosizo lwe-ultracentrifugation, ososayensi bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zegazi ezingenayo inqwaba, njenge-lipoproteins kanye ne-exosomes. Le ndlela isetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni oluhlobene nezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo, kanye nezinhlelo zokulethwa kwemithi.

3.2 I-Gradient Centrifugation Yezifundo Zamaselula

Ngokuhlanganisa i-density gradient centrifugation ne-flow cytometry, ososayensi bangafunda ngezinhlobo ezithile zamaseli. Le ndlela ibavumela ukuthi bahlukanise izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazini eliphelele ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zabo ezithile noma ezinye izici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-density gradient centrifugation ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli neziguli zomdlavuza ukuze kuhlaziywe izakhi zofuzo okwengeziwe, kusize ekwelashweni komuntu siqu.

4. Izicelo Zemitholampilo

4.1 Ukumpontshelwa Igazi

Ukufaka igazi nge-centrifugation kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezinqubo zokumpontshelwa igazi. Ngemva kokunikela ngegazi, igazi eliqoqiwe lonke liphonswa ku-centrifuge ukuze lihlukaniswe libe izingxenye zalo: amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ama-platelet, kanye ne-plasma. Ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zezokwelapha ezithile zesiguli, lezi zingxenye ezihlukanisiwe zingafakwa ngokufanele. Isibonelo, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi afakwa uma kwenzeka ukopha okukhulu noma i-anemia, kuyilapho i-plasma isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi.

4.2 Ukuhlolwa Kokuxilonga

I-Centrifugation ibalulekile ezivivinyweni ezahlukene zokuxilonga. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokujiya kwegazi, i-plasma ihlukaniswa namaseli egazi ukuze kuhlolwe ikhono layo lokujiya kwegazi. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezithile zokuhlolwa okufana nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinga lama-hormone. Ngokuhlukanisa nokuhlaziya lezi zingxenye zegazi, odokotela bangaxilonga izifo ezahlukahlukene futhi baqaphe impilo yesiguli ngempumelelo.

Isiphetho

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni igazi libe izingxenye zalo ezahlukahlukene, okuvumela ukuqonda okujulile ngezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba womuntu. Ngokuthuthuka kwezindlela zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation, abacwaningi nodokotela bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezithile zegazi ngokunembe nangendlela ephumelelayo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla e-centrifugation, ososayensi baqhubeka nokwandisa ulwazi lwabo ngezifo ezihlobene negazi, bathuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, futhi bathuthukisa ukunakekelwa kweziguli.