indlela i-centrifuge eyahlula ngayo igazi

Indlela iCentrifuge eyahlula ngayo igazi: Uphuhliso kunye neendlela

Intshayelelo

Ukwahlulwa kwegazi yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, nto leyo evumela izazinzulu, oogqirha, kunye nabaphandi ukuba bafunde iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zegazi ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukwahlulwa kwegazi ngesantya esiphezulu, indlela esebenzisa ukujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahlukaniseni igazi libe zizinto zalo ezahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku liphonononga imigaqo esemva kokwahlulwa kwegazi ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye ligxininisa inkqubela phambili kunye neendlela kweli candelo.

1. Umgaqo weCentrifugation

I-Centrifugation isebenza ngomgaqo we-sedimentation, osebenzisa ubuninzi obahlukeneyo bezinto ezahlukeneyo zegazi. Xa igazi lifakwa kwi-centrifuge kwaye lijikeleza ngokukhawuleza, amasuntswana axineneyo aya ezantsi ngelixa izinto ezikhaphukhaphu zihlala zisondelelene nephezulu. Olu hluko lufezekiswa ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal aveliswa kukuhamba kokujikeleza, okuhambelana nomgama ukusuka kwi-axis yokujikeleza.

2. Iintlobo zeeCentrifuges

IiCentrifuge zinokwahlulwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: iiDifferential centrifuge kunye neeDensity Gradient centrifuge.

2.1 IiCentrifuge zokwahluka

Ii-centrifuge ezahlukeneyo zahlula iinxalenye zegazi ngokusekelwe kumahluko kubukhulu nakwimo. Ngokusebenzisa isantya sokujikeleza kunye nobude obuhlukeneyo, i-centrifuge inokwahlula iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-buffy coat (iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets), kunye ne-plasma. Le ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimvavanyo zegazi eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nokubalwa kwegazi ngokupheleleyo kunye nohlobo lwegazi.

2.2 IiCentrifuge zeGradient yoxinano

Iicentrifuge ze-density gradient zisebenzisa ubuninzi obahlukeneyo beenxalenye zegazi. I-density gradient medium, efana nesisombululo se-sucrose okanye i-iodixanol, ifakwe kwityhubhu, kwaye igazi longezwa ngononophelo phezu kwayo. Ngexesha le-centrifugation, iinxalenye zegazi ziyahamba nge-density gradient, zahlulwe zibe zii-bands ezahlukeneyo. Le ndlela ivumela ukwahlulwa kunye nokucocwa kwezakhi ezithile zegazi, ezifana neentsholongwane, iiproteni, kunye nee-organelles.

3. Uphuhliso kwiindlela zokwahlula igazi

3.1 Ukwenziwa kwe-Ultracentrifugation

I-Ultracentrifugation, equka ukujikeleza igazi ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, itshintshe iindlela zokwahlula igazi. Ngoncedo lwe-ultracentrifugation, izazinzulu zinokwahlulahlula izinto ezincinci zegazi, ezifana nee-lipoproteins kunye nee-exosomes. Le ndlela ikwasetyenziswa kuphando olunxulumene nezifo ezosulelayo, uhlalutyo lwemfuza, kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa amayeza.

3.2 I-Gradient Centrifugation yezifundo zeSeli

Ngokudibanisa i-density gradient centrifugation kunye ne-flow cytometry, izazinzulu zinokufunda iiseli ezithile. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba zahlule iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli kwigazi elipheleleyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zazo ezithile zomphezulu okanye ezinye iimpawu. Ukongeza, i-density gradient centrifugation ivumela ukwahlulwa kweeseli kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ukuze kuhlalutywe ngakumbi ngemfuza, kunceda kunyango lomntu ngamnye.

4. Izicelo zeKlinikhi

4.1 Utofelo-gazi

Ukucoca igazi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zokufaka igazi. Emva kokunikela ngegazi, igazi elipheleleyo eliqokelelweyo lijikeleziswa kwi-centrifuge ukuze lihlukaniswe libe ziinxalenye zalo: iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiplatelets, kunye ne-plasma. Ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zonyango ezithile zesigulana, ezi nxalenye zahlulweyo zinokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zifakwa xa kukho ukopha okukhulu okanye i-anemia, ngelixa i-plasma isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi.

4.2 Uvavanyo lokuxilonga

Ukucoca igazi kubalulekile kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga. Umzekelo, ngexesha lovavanyo lokujiya kwegazi, iplasma iyahlulwa kwiiseli zegazi ukuze kuvavanywe amandla ayo okujiya igazi. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwahlula izinto ezithile kwiimvavanyo ezifana novavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi, uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso, kunye nohlalutyo lwamanqanaba ehomoni. Ngokwahlula nokuhlalutya ezi zinto zegazi, oogqirha banokuchonga izifo ezahlukeneyo baze bajonge impilo yesigulane ngokufanelekileyo.

Isiphelo

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahlukaniseni igazi libe ngamacandelo alo ahlukeneyo, okuvumela ukuqonda okunzulu ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo zomzimba womntu. Ngokuhambela phambili kwiindlela zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation, abaphandi kunye noogqirha banokwahlulahlula amacandelo athile egazi ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla e-centrifugation, izazinzulu zihlala zisanda ulwazi lwazo ngezifo ezinxulumene negazi, ziphuhlisa unyango olutsha, kwaye ziphucula ukhathalelo lwezigulane.