Imveliso yobungcali yokwahlulahlula i-centrifuge kunye nomenzi woomatshini bamayeza - iZonelink

i-centrifuge yahlula njani izinto

2023-08-01

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I-Centrifuge yahlula njani izinto?

Intshayelelo:

IiCentrifuge zizixhobo zesayensi ezinamandla nezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, njengeelebhu zonyango, izibonelelo zophando, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahlukaniseni izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kubukhulu bazo, ubuninzi bazo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zomzimba. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga kwihlabathi elinomdla le-centrifuge kwaye sihlolisise iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho ii-centrifuge zihlulahlula khona izinto ngempumelelo.

I. Umgaqo weCentrifugation:

Ukudibanisa i-centrifugation kusekelwe kumgaqo we-sedimentation, osebenzisa ithuba lomahluko phakathi koxinano phakathi kwamasuntswana. Xa umxube ufakwa kwi-centrifuge kwaye ujikeleziswa ngesantya esiphezulu, amandla e-centrifugal abangela ukuba amasuntswana axineneyo afudukele kwicala elingaphandle, ngelixa amasuntswana akhanyayo ehlala embindini. Olu hlulo luvumela uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo kunye nokwahlulwa kwezixhobo ezifunekayo.

II. Izixhobo zeCentrifuge:

1. Indibano yeRotor:

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na i-centrifuge yi-rotor assembly, enoxanduva lokubamba iisampuli nokuzisebenzisa kwisantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza. Ii-rotors ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-fixed-angle, i-swinging bucket, kunye nee-vertical rotors, nganye ifanelekile kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulahlula.

2. Iityhubhu zeCentrifuge:

Iityhubhu ze-centrifuge, ezidla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne-polypropylene okanye iglasi, zibamba iisampulu ngexesha lokufakwa kwe-centrifuge. Ezi tyhubhu zikhethwa ngononophelo ngokusekelwe ekuhambelaneni kwazo nesantya, ubushushu, kunye nendlela yokwahlula efunekayo.

III. Ukwahlukanisa iCentrifugation:

I-differential centrifugation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu ukwahlula izinto ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Umgaqo osemva kwale ndlela usekwe ekutshintsheni ubude kunye nesantya senkqubo ye-centrifugation. Ngokusebenzisa uthotho lwamanyathelo e-sequential centrifugation ngesantya esahlukileyo, amasuntswana anokwahlulwa abe ngamaqhezu ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumazinga awo okutsalwa kwenkunkuma. Amasuntswana anzima ahlala ngokukhawuleza kwaye anokwahlulwa kwalawo alula kwimijikelo elandelayo.

IV. I-Centrifugation ye-Density Gradient:

1. Umgaqo:

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient yindlela enamandla esebenzisa umahluko kwi-particle density ukuze kufunyanwe ukwahlukana. Ngokusebenzisa isisombululo esine-continuous density gradient, amasuntswana e-density ahlukeneyo anokubekwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ngexesha le-centrifugation.

2. I-Isopycnic Centrifugation:

Kwi-isopycnic centrifugation, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-equilibrium sedimentation, amandla e-centrifugal ayalungiswa ukuze alinganise amandla e-buoyant asebenza kwii-particles. Ngenxa yoko, ii-particles zifikelela kwiindawo ezithile kwi-gradient apho uxinano lwazo lulingana nolwe-medium ejikelezileyo. Le ndlela ivumela ukwahlula izinto ngokusekelwe kuxinano lwazo lwe-buoyant.

3. I-Centrifugation ye-Rate-Zonal:

I-centrifugation yezinga kunye ne-zonal ixhomekeke kumahluko kumazinga okutsalwa kwe-sedimentation kwizinto ezahlulweyo. I-density gradient iyasekwa, kodwa endaweni yokufikelela kwi-equilibrium, amasuntswana ahamba nge-gradient ade afikelele kwiindawo zawo zokulingana kwe-sedimentation. Le ndlela ivumela ukwahlula izinto ngokusekelwe kuxinano kunye nobukhulu.

V. Ukusetyenziswa kweCentrifugation:

1. Iilebhu zezonyango nezeklinikhi:

IiCentrifuges zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiilebhu zonyango nezeklinikhi ngeenjongo zokuxilonga. Zinceda ekwahlukaniseni izinto eziyinxalenye yegazi, ezifana neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neplasma, ezibalulekileyo kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo, uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali yegazi, kunye nokuchongwa kwezifo ezosulelayo.

2. Ishishini leMithi:

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lezonyango, ingakumbi ekucoceni nasekuhlukaniseni iikhompawundi zonyango, iiseli, kunye nee-biomolecules. Ivumela ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezicocekileyo kwaye iququzelele iinkqubo ezisezantsi ezifana ne-crystallization, filtration, kunye ne-chromatography.

3. Uphando lweBiotechnology kunye neGenetic:

IiCentrifuges zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwi-biotechnology kunye nophando lwe-genetic. Zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-DNA, i-RNA, kunye neeproteni kwiiseli, kunye nokucoca iiproteni eziphinda-phindayo kunye nokufunda ii-organelles zeseli. Ngaphezu koko, zinceda ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlalutyeni iinxalenye ezingaphantsi kweseli, ezifana ne-mitochondria kunye ne-nuclei.

4. Isayensi Yendalo Esingqongileyo:

IiCentrifuges zifumana ukusetyenziswa kwisayensi yokusingqongileyo ekufundeni ungcoliseko, uhlalutyo lwentlenga, ukucocwa kwamanzi, kunye nokubeka esweni iisampulu ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, kuquka iintsholongwane, ulwelwe, kunye nongcoliseko olukhoyo emanzini, emhlabeni nasemoyeni.

Isiphelo:

IiCentrifuge zizixhobo ezibalaseleyo ezixhomekeke kwimigaqo yokutsalwa kwenkunkuma kunye namandla e-centrifugal ukuze zahlule izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo. Nokuba kusemsebenzini wezonyango, kushishino lwamayeza, okanye kuphando lwesayensi, i-centrifuge inceda ekufumaneni izinto ezicocekileyo, ukwahlula izinto ezixabisekileyo, kunye nokuhlalutya iisampulu ngokuchanekileyo. Ukusuka kwi-differential centrifugation ukuya kwi-density gradient centrifugation, ezi zixhobo ziye zaguqula iinkalo ezininzi zesayensi kwaye ziyaqhubeka nokuba zizinto ezixabisekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuqonda kwethu ihlabathi elisingqongileyo.