umxube wahlulwe nge-centrifugation kusetyenziswa umahluko kwi

Inqaku:

I-Centrifugation: Indlela Enamandla Yokwahlula Imixube

Intshayelelo:

Kwicandelo lophando lwesayensi kunye neenkqubo zoshishino, iindlela zokwahlulahlula zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Enye indlela enjalo eguqule inkqubo yokwahlulahlula imixube yi-centrifugation. I-centrifugation isebenzisa umahluko kwiipropati ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezikhoyo kumxube ofana noxinano, ubungakanani, imilo, kunye ne-viscosity ukuze kufezekiswe ukwahlukana okusebenzayo. Eli nqaku lijonga kwihlabathi le-centrifugation, lihlola umgaqo wayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo, kunye neenzuzo zayo.

I. Ukuqonda uMgaqo weCentrifugation:

Ukujikeleza kwe-centrifugation kusekelwe kumgaqo we-sedimentation, apho amasuntswana aqinileyo okanye izinto ezixineneyo zihlala phantsi komhlaba onomxhuzulane. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-centrifugation, umatshini ojikelezayo okhawulezayo, obizwa ngokuba yi-centrifuge, usetyenziswa ukudala amandla amakhulu e-centrifugal. La mandla asebenza ngaphandle, ngokuthe nkqo kwi-axis yokujikeleza, ebangela ukuba amasuntswana asuke embindini. Ngokulawula isantya kunye nobude be-centrifugation, ukwahlukana kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kumxube kuba yinto enokwenzeka.

II. Iintlobo zeCentrifugation:

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeendlela zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation: i-differential centrifugation kunye ne-density gradient centrifugation.

1. Ukwahlulahlula kweCentrifugation:

I-differential centrifugation, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fractionation, isetyenziselwa ukwahlula amasuntswana okanye izinto ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kunye nokuma kwazo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo okulandelelana ngokulandelana ngesantya esonyukayo. Ekuqaleni, amasuntswana amakhulu ahlala phantsi ngokukhawuleza, kulandele izinto ezincinci nezikhaphukhaphu kwizigaba ezilandelayo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo ukwahlula ii-organelles, ezifana ne-mitochondria okanye ii-nuclei, kwii-extracts zeseli.

2. I-Centrifugation ye-Density Gradient:

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient centrifugation isetyenziswa xa kufuneka ukwahlulwahlulwa ngokusekelwe kuxinano okanye uxinano oluthambileyo lwezinto. Kule ndlela, i-density gradient yenziwa ngokubeka isisombululo soxinano oluhlukeneyo. Xa isampuli ifakwa kwi-centrifuge, amasuntswana ahamba kwi-gradient ade afikelele kwinqanaba apho uxinano lwawo luhambelana nendawo ejikelezileyo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-biochemistry nakwi-molecular biology, njengoko ivumela ukwahlulwahlulwa kwee-nucleic acids, iiproteni, kunye nezinye ii-macromolecules ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu.

III. Ukusetyenziswa kweCentrifugation:

1. Uphando lwezebhayoloji:

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphando lwezonyango. Ivumela ukwahlulwa nokucocwa kwee-biomolecules, ezifana ne-DNA, i-RNA, kunye neeproteni, kwiisampulu zebhayoloji ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokwahlula ezi nxalenye, izazinzulu zinokufunda izakhiwo zazo, imisebenzi yazo, kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuhliseni iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-genetics, i-proteomics, kunye nophuhliso lwamayeza.

2. Ishishini leMithi:

Kwishishini lezemithi, i-centrifugation isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi, kuquka ukwenziwa kwamayeza kunye nolawulo lomgangatho. Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwamayeza, i-centrifugation ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula ukungcola kunye neemveliso ezingafunekiyo, ukuqinisekisa ubunyulu bemveliso yokugqibela. Ngaphezu koko, iindlela ze-centrifugal ziyasetyenziswa ukuhlalutya izinga lokunyibilika kweepilisi kunye neekhaphu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amayeza akhutshwa ngokufanelekileyo emzimbeni.

3. Uhlalutyo lweNdalo:

Ukucoca amanzi (centrifugation) kubalulekile ekuhlalutyeni nasekunyangeni iisampulu zokusingqongileyo, ezifana namanzi amdaka, umhlaba, okanye umoya. Ngokwahlula izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, ukucoca amanzi (centrifugation) kunceda ekumiseleni amanqanaba ongcoliseko, ukuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokuchonga izinto eziyingozi. Ukongeza, kunceda ekususeni amanzi odaka, inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwizityalo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka, ngokwahlulahlula amaqhezu olwelo kunye nalawo aqinileyo ngokufanelekileyo.

4. Ishishini lokutya neziselo:

Kwishishini lokutya neziselo, i-centrifugation isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukucacisa, ukukhupha, kunye nokugxila. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokuveliswa kweejusi zeziqhamo, i-centrifugation isusa amasuntswana aqinileyo kunye nokungcola, iqinisekisa imveliso ecacileyo nesemgangathweni. Ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kweemveliso zobisi, apho yahlula khona ukhilimu okanye amafutha kubisi, iququzelela ukuveliswa kweendidi ezinamafutha aphantsi okanye ezinamafutha aphantsi.

IV. Iingenelo zeCentrifugation:

Ukucoca nge-centrifugation kunika iingenelo ezininzi ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela zokwahlulahlula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwiilabhoratri zophando nakwiiseti zemizi-mveliso.

1. Isantya:

I-Centrifugation yindlela ekhawulezayo enika ukwahlula okusebenzayo ngexesha elifutshane. Oku kwenza ukuba isampuli iphume kakhulu, konge ixesha kwaye kwandiswe imveliso.

2. Ukuguquguquka:

I-Centrifugation inokulungiswa ukuze yahlule uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto, ukusuka kumasuntswana amakhulu ukuya kuma-macromolecules. Ibonelela ngokuguquguquka kwicandelo lokwahlulahlula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kubaphandi kuzo zonke iinkalo.

3. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa:

Ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvelisa amandla aphezulu e-centrifugal, i-centrifugation ifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa. Ivumela ukwahlulwa kwamasuntswana amancinci okanye izinto ezinomahluko omncinci kuxinano, iqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezichanekileyo.

4. Ukukhula:

Iindlela zokwandisa i-centrifugation zinokwandiswa kakhulu, nto leyo evumela ukwahlulwa kwezahlulo ezincinci zeesampuli kwiilabhoratri ukuya kwiindawo ezinkulu zokwahlulwa kwemizi-mveliso. Oku kwandiswa kwenza i-centrifugation ifaneleke kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye namashishini.

Isiphelo:

I-Centrifugation, esekelwe kumgaqo we-sedimentation, ivele njengendlela enamandla yokwahlula imixube. Ngokusebenzisa umahluko kubuninzi, ubungakanani, imo, kunye ne-viscosity, i-centrifugation ifumene izicelo ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezifana nophando lwe-biomedical, amayeza, uhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nomzi-mveliso wokutya. Ngesantya sayo, ukuguquguquka kwayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa kwayo, kunye nokukhula kwayo, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokubumba nokuphucula amacandelo ahlukeneyo esayensi kunye nemizi-mveliso.