musanganiswa unoparadzaniswa ne centrifugation uchishandisa misiyano mu

Chinyorwa:

Kuparadzanisa Misanganiswa: Nzira Ine Simba Yekuparadzanisa Misanganiswa

Nhanganyaya:

Munyaya yekutsvagisa kwesainzi uye maitiro emaindasitiri, matekiniki ekuparadzanisa anoita basa rakakosha. Imwe nzira yakadaro yakachinja maitiro ekuparadzanisa musanganiswa ndeye centrifugation. Centrifugation inoshandisa mutsauko uripo muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zviripo mumusanganiswa wakaita sehuwandu, saizi, chimiro, uye viscosity kuti iwane kupatsanurwa kunobudirira. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa munyika ye centrifugation, ichiongorora musimboti wayo, mashandisirwo ayo, uye zvakanakira.

I. Kunzwisisa Nheyo yeCentrifugation:

Kutenderedza zvinhu kunobva panheyo yekusenda, uko zvidimbu zvakasimba kana zvinhu zvakakora zvinogara pasi pesimba regiravhiti. Zvisinei, mukuita kuti zvinhu zvitenderere, muchina unotenderera unomhanya zvikuru, unonzi centrifuge, unoshandiswa kugadzira simba rine simba re centrifuge. Simba iri rinoshanda kunze, rakatarisa kurutivi rwekutenderera, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zvibve pakati. Nekudzora kumhanya uye nguva ye centrifugation, kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana mukati memusanganiswa kunogoneka.

II. Mhando dzeCentrifugation:

Kune mhando mbiri huru dzenzira dze centrifugation: differential centrifugation uye density gradient centrifugation.

1. Kusiyanisa kweCentrifugation:

Kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunozivikanwawo sekuti kupatsanura zvinhu, kunoshandiswa kupatsanura zvinhu kana zvikamu zvichienderana nehukuru hwazvo uye chimiro chazvo. Maitiro aya anosanganisira matanho ekubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nekumhanya kwakawedzerwa. Pakutanga, zvinhu zvikuru zvinodzika pasi nekukurumidza, zvichiteverwa nezvinhu zvidiki uye zvakareruka muzvikamu zvinotevera. Iyi nzira inowanzo shandiswa kupatsanura zvinhu zvakaita semitochondria kana nuclei kubva mumasero.

2. Kudzora Kureba Kwemagiraidhi:

Kushandiswa kwe "density gradient centrifugation" kunoshandiswa kana kupatsanurwa kuchidiwa zvichibva pa "density" kana "buoyant density" yezvinhu. Munzira iyi, "density gradient" inogadzirwa nekuisa mhinduro ine "densities" dzakasiyana. Kana sampuro yaiswa "centrifuged", zvidimbu zvinofamba nepakati pe "gradient" kusvika zvasvika padanho apo "density" yazvo inoenderana ne "medium" yakapoteredza. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu biochemistry ne molecular biology, sezvo ichibvumira kupatsanurwa kwe nucleic acids, mapuroteni, uye mamwe macromolecules nemazvo.

III. Mashandisirwo eCentrifugation:

1. Tsvagiridzo yezveUtachiona:

Kugadzira centrifugation kunoita basa rakakosha mukutsvagisa kwezvekurapa. Kunogonesa kupatsanurwa nekucheneswa kwema biomolecule, akadai seDNA, RNA, nemapuroteni, kubva musampuli dzakaoma dzezvehupenyu. Nekuparadzanisa zvikamu izvi, masayendisiti anogona kudzidza maumbirwo azvo, mashandiro azvo, uye kudyidzana kwazvo, zvichitungamira mukufambira mberi muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sema genetics, proteomics, uye kugadzirwa kwemishonga.

2. Indasitiri yeMishonga:

Muindasitiri yemishonga, centrifugation inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kugadzira mishonga uye kudzora mhando. Munguva yekugadzira mishonga, centrifugation inogona kushandiswa kupatsanura tsvina nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingadiwe, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chive chakachena. Uyezve, nzira dze centrifugal dzinoshandiswa kuongorora mwero wekunyungudika kwemapiritsi nemakapisi, zvichiita kuti mishonga ibudiswe zvakanaka mumuviri.

3. Kuongorora Zvakatipoteredza:

Kupinza mvura mumhepo kunobatsira zvikuru pakuongorora nekurapa mienzaniso yezvakatipoteredza, yakaita semvura yakasviba, ivhu, kana mhepo. Nekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakaoma zvakamiswa, kuisa mvura mumhepo kunobatsira pakuona huwandu hwezvinosvibisa, kuongorora mhando yemvura, uye kuona zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinobatsira mukubvisa mvura mumarara, danho rakakosha mukuchenesa mvura yakasviba, nekuparadzanisa zvikamu zvemvura neyakaoma zvinobudirira.

4. Indasitiri yezvekudya nezvinwiwa:

Muindasitiri yezvekudya nezvinwiwa, centrifugation inoshandiswa pazvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kujekesa, kubvisa, uye kuisa pfungwa. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekugadzira muto wemichero, centrifugation inobvisa zvidimbu zvakasimba netsvina, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chive chakajeka uye chemhando yepamusoro. Inoitawo basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemukaka, uko kunoparadzanisa kirimu kana mafuta kubva kumukaka, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwemhando dzisina mafuta akawanda kana dzakabviswa mafuta akawanda.

IV. Mabhenefiti eCentrifugation:

Kugadzira centrifugation kune zvakanakira zvakawanda kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzekuparadzanisa, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira mumarabhoritari ekutsvagisa uye mumaindasitiri.

1. Kumhanya:

Kupinza zvinhu mu "centrifugation" inzira inokurumidza inopa kupatsanura kwakanaka munguva pfupi. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nekushandisa kwakawanda, kuchengetedza nguva uye kuwedzera kugona.

2. Kuchinja-chinja:

Kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kunogona kugadziriswa kuti kupatsanure zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pazvikamu zvikuru kusvika kumamorekuru. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa pakuparadzanisa zvinhu, zvichiita kuti zvive chishandiso chakakosha kune vaongorori vemakirasi akasiyana-siyana.

3. Kushanda Nesimba Kwakanyanya:

Nekukwanisa kugadzira masimba makuru e centrifugal, centrifugation inoita kuti pave nekugona kukuru kwekuparadzanisa zvinhu. Inogonesa kupatsanurana kwezvidimbu zvidiki kana zvinhu zvine musiyano mudiki mukuwanda, zvichiita kuti pave nemhedzisiro chaiyo uye yakarurama.

4. Kukwanisa kukura:

Maitiro ekushandisa centrifugation anogona kuwedzeredzwa zvakanyanya, zvichibvumira kupatsanurwa kwemasampuli madiki mumarabhoritari kuenda kumaindasitiri makuru. Kuwedzeredzwa uku kunoita kuti centrifugation ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana nemaindasitiri.

Mhedziso:

Kugadzira centrifugation, zvichibva panheyo yekuumbwa kwevhu, kwave nzira ine simba yekuparadzanisa misanganiswa. Nekushandisa mutsauko wehuwandu, saizi, chimiro, uye kusimba, centrifugation yakawana mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muminda yakaita seongororo yezvekurapa, mishonga, ongororo yezvakatipoteredza, uye indasitiri yechikafu. Nekumhanya kwayo, kushanduka-shanduka, kushanda kwayo zvakanyanya, uye kugona kwayo kukura, centrifugation inoramba ichiumba nekusimudzira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesainzi nemaindasitiri.