yintoni umatshini we-centrifugation
Umatshini wokwenza i-Centrifugation: Ukuguqula iinkqubo zelebhu
I. Intshayelelo
Kwihlabathi lophando lwesayensi kunye nokuxilongwa kwezonyango, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu. Umatshini wokucoca, isixhobo esinamandla esisetyenziswa kwiilabhoratri kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, uguqule indlela iisampuli ezicutshungulwa kwaye zihlalutywa ngayo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekunikeni ukuqonda okubanzi koomatshini bokucoca, imigaqo yabo, ukusetyenziswa kwabo, kunye neenzuzo.
II. Ukuqonda umatshini wokwenza i-centrifugation
A. Inkcazo kunye noMgaqo-siseko
Umatshini wokwenza i-centrifuge, owaziwa ngokuba yi-centrifuge, sisixhobo soomatshini esisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula izinto ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwesampuli. La mandla aveliswa ngokujikelezisa isampuli ngesantya esiphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kumakhulu ukuya kumawaka eenguqu ngomzuzu (RPM). Ngokusebenzisa umahluko kubunzima kunye nobuninzi, i-centrifuge yahlula ngokufanelekileyo izinto, ezinje ngamasuntswana, iimolekyuli, kunye neeseli, kumxube.
B. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo
1. I-Rotor: I-rotor yinxalenye ephambili yomatshini wokucoca. Ibamba iityhubhu okanye iibhotile eziqulathe isampuli kwaye ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu. Ii-rotor ze-Centrifuge zingaba yi-engile esisigxina, ibhakethi ejikelezayo, okanye zithe nkqo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokwahlula kunye nokusetyenziswa okufunwayo.
2. Injini: Injini inika amandla ukujikeleza kwerotor kwaye igcina isantya esifunekayo. Ii-centrifuge zanamhlanje zihlala zinezicwangciso zesantya ezihlengahlengiswayo ukuze zilungele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeesampuli kwaye ziphucule iziphumo.
III. Ukusetyenziswa koMshini weCentrifugation
Oomatshini bokujika i-centrifugation basetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka kodwa kungaphelelanga apho:
A. Uphando lwezeMpilo
Ii-centrifuge zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zophando lwe-biomedical. Zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula ulwelo lwebhayoloji, ukuhlalutya izinto zeseli, ukwahlula i-DNA kunye ne-RNA, kunye nokuchonga iiproteni. Ngokwahlula izinto ngempumelelo, ii-centrifuge zinceda ekuqondeni ibhayoloji yeseli, iindlela zesifo, kunye nophuhliso lwamayeza.
B. Uxilongo lwezonyango
Kwiimeko zonyango, ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kubalulekile. Ii-centrifuges zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-serum okanye i-plasma kwigazi elipheleleyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchongweni kwenani elingaqhelekanga leeseli, izinto ezibangela usulelo, kunye nee-biomarkers. I-centrifuge ekhawulezayo ivumela ukwahlulwa kwee-microorganisms okanye ii-virus ukuze kuhlalutywe ngakumbi.
C. Ishishini leMithi
Ukwenziwa kwamayeza kuxhomekeke kwiimashini zokucoca nge-centrifugation ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwamayeza, ii-centrifuge zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula nokucoca iikhemikhali, ukufumana amakhemikhali afunekayo, kunye nokulinganisa uzinzo lwe-compound. Kwiilabhoratri zolawulo lomgangatho, ii-centrifuge zinceda ekuvavanyeni izinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ukuze kubonwe ukungcola okanye ukungcola.
D. Isayensi Yendalo Esingqongileyo
Oomatshini bokujika izinto zibe luncedo kwizifundo zokusingqongileyo nasekubekeni esweni. Banceda ekuhlalutyeni iisampulu zamanzi, umhlaba, nomoya ukuze babone ungcoliseko, iintsholongwane, kunye nezinye izinto ezibonisa impilo yendalo. Ngokwahlula amasuntswana kunye nentlenga, izazinzulu zinokumisela ulwakhiwo kunye nempembelelo enokubakho yezinto ezingcolisayo.
IV. Iintlobo zeCentrifugation
A. Ukwahlulahlula iCentrifugation
I-differential centrifugation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu eyahlula izinto ngokusekwe kubukhulu bazo, imo, kunye noxinano. Ngokusebenzisa ii-spin ezilandelelanayo ngesantya esahlukileyo, abaphandi banokwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi komxube. Okukhona amasuntswana axineneyo ekhupha inkunkuma ngokukhawuleza, okuvumela ukuba aqokeleleke ngamaxesha athile ngexesha le-centrifugation.
B. I-Centrifugation yeGradient yoxinano
I-centrifugation ye-density gradient isebenzisa umahluko woxinano ukwahlula amasuntswana. I-density gradient medium ilungiswa ngokudibanisa izisombululo zoxinano olukhulayo okanye olunciphayo, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokwahlula ezifunekayo. Xa zijikeleziswa kwi-centrifuge, amasuntswana ahamba kwi-gradient aze ekugqibeleni ahlale kwiibhendi ezahlukeneyo ngokwe-densities zazo.
C. I-Isopycnic Centrifugation
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-equilibrium okanye i-buoyant density centrifugation, i-isopycnic centrifugation isetyenziselwa ukwahlula amasuntswana ngokusekelwe kuphela kuxinano lwawo oluthambileyo. I-density gradient yenziwa ngoxinano lwe-gradient medium olulingana namasuntswana anomdla. I-centrifuge emva koko ijikeleziswa ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye njengoko amasuntswana efikelela kuxinano lwawo oluthambileyo, azinza ngaphakathi kwe-medium.
V. Iingenelo zoomatshini bokujika i-Centrifugation
A. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwexesha
Ii-centrifuges zikhawulezisa iinkqubo ebezinokuthi zithathe ixesha elide. Ngesantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza kunye nobuchule bokwahlula obuchanekileyo, iisampulu zinokucutshungulwa ngokukhawuleza, oko konga uphando oluxabisekileyo okanye ixesha lokuxilonga.
B. Ukuchaneka Okunyukileyo
Ukwahlula okufunyenwe nge-centrifuge kuchaneke kakhulu, okuvumela ukulinganiswa kunye nohlalutyo oluchanekileyo. Olu chaneko lubalulekile ekufumaneni idatha ethembekileyo, ngakumbi kwiinkalo ezifana ne-genetics, i-proteomics, kunye ne-pharmacology.
C. Ukuguquguquka kwezinto
IiCentrifuge zilungelelanisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ngenxa yokuziqhelanisa kwazo. Useto lwesantya oluhlengahlengiswayo, iirotor ezinezakhono ezahlukeneyo kunye noqwalaselo, kunye nokuhambelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeesampuli kwenza oomatshini be-centrifuge balungelelane kwaye babe nezixhobo ezisebenzisekayo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yelabhoratri.
VI. Isiphelo
Oomatshini bokuxilonga ngokungathandabuzekiyo baye batshintsha iinkqubo zelebhu ngokubonelela ngokwahlulahlula iisampulu kunye nohlalutyo olusebenzayo. Ukusuka ekukhawuleziseni ukufunyanwa kwesayensi ukuya ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kokuxilonga, ii-centrifuge ziyaqhubeka nokuba zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kuphando oluninzi nakwizibonelelo zonyango kwihlabathi liphela. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, oomatshini bokuxilonga baya kukhula ngakumbi, bebonelela izazinzulu kunye neengcali zokuxilonga ngezisombululo ezintsha zemingeni enzima yokuhlulahlula.
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