chii chinonzi muchina we centrifugation

Muchina weCentrifugation: Kuchinja Maitiro eLabhoritari

I. Nhanganyaya

Munyika yekutsvagisa kwesainzi uye kuongororwa kwezvekurapa, kushanda zvakanaka uye kururama ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha. Muchina we centrifugation, chishandiso chine simba chinoshandiswa mumarabhoritari muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, wakachinja nzira iyo sampuro dzinogadziriswa uye dzinoongororwa. Chinyorwa chino chine chinangwa chekupa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwemichina ye centrifugation, misimboti yayo, mashandisirwo ayo, uye mabhenefiti ayo.

II. Kunzwisisa Muchina weCentrifugation

A. Tsanangudzo neMutemo

Muchina we centrifugation, unozivikanwa se centrifuge, mudziyo wemakanika unoshandisa simba re centrifugal kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvine densities dzakasiyana mukati memuenzaniso. Simba iri rinogadzirwa nekutenderera muenzaniso nekumhanya kwakanyanya, kazhinji kubva pamazana kusvika kuzviuru zvema revolutions paminiti (RPM). Nekushandisa musiyano uripo muhukuru ne density, centrifuge inoparadzanisa zvinobudirira zvikamu, zvakaita sezvikamu, mamorekuru, nemasero, kubva mumusanganiswa.

B. Zvikamu

1. Rotor: Rotor ndiyo chikamu chikuru chemuchina we centrifugation. Inobata machubhu kana mabhodhoro ane sampuro uye inotenderera nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Ma centrifuge rotors anogona kunge ari ekona yakatarwa, anotenderera, kana kuti akamira, zvichienderana nenzira yekuparadzanisa yaunoda uye mashandisirwo ayo.

2. Mota: Mota iyi inosimudzira kutenderera kwerotor uye inochengetedza kumhanya kwainodiwa. Ma centrifuge emazuva ano anowanzo gadzirisa kumhanya kuti akwane mhando dzakasiyana dzemasampuru uye kugadzirisa mhedzisiro.

III. Mashandisirwo emuchina weCentrifugation

Michina ye centrifugation inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira asi kwete chete kune:

A. Tsvagiridzo yezveUtachiona

MaCentrifuge anoita basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutsvagisa kwezvekurapa. Anoshandiswa kupatsanura mvura dzemuzvarirwo, kuongorora zvikamu zvemasero, kuparadzanisa DNA neRNA, uye kuratidza mapuroteni. Nekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvinobudirira, maCentrifuge anobatsira mukunzwisisa biology yemasero, mashandiro ezvirwere, uye kukura kwemishonga.

B. Kuongorora Zvirwere

Muzvipatara, kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama kwakakosha. Ma "centrifuge" anoshandiswa kuparadzanisa serum kana plasma kubva muropa rose, zvichiita kuti pave nekuonekwa kwemasero asina kujairika, zvinhu zvinotapukira, uye zviratidzo zvebiomarkers. Kuongororwa nekukurumidza kunogonesa kupatsanurwa kwetupukanana kana mavhairasi kuti kuongororwe zvakadzama.

C. Indasitiri yeMishonga

Kugadzira mishonga kunoshandisa michina ye centrifugation pazvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Panguva yekugadzirwa kwemishonga, centrifuge dzinoshandiswa kuparadzanisa nekuchenesa makemikari, kuwana mishonga inodiwa, uye kuyera kugadzikana kwemakemikari. Mumarabhoritari ekudzora mhando, centrifuge dzinobatsira mukuyedza zvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa kuti dzione kana paine tsvina kana kuti zvinosvibisa.

D. Sainzi yezvakatipoteredza

Michina ye centrifugation inobatsira zvikuru muzvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza nekutarisa. Inobatsira mukuongorora mvura, ivhu, nemhepo kuti ione kana paine zvinosvibisa, tupukanana, nezvimwe zvinoratidza hutano hwezvakatipoteredza. Nekuparadzanisa zvidimbu nemadhaka, masayendisiti anogona kuona kuti zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvakaumbwa sei uye zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko aya.

IV. Mhando dzeCentrifugation

A. Kusiyanisa Kwekudzora Kutenderera

Kuparadzanisa zvinhu (differential centrifugation) inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupatsanura zvinhu zvichienderana nehukuru hwazvo, chimiro, uye huwandu hwazvo. Nekushandisa kutenderera kwacho kwakatevedzana nekumhanya kwakasiyana, vaongorori vanogona kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana mumusanganiswa. Kana zvinhu zvakakora zvakanyanya, zvinokurumidza kuunganidzwa panguva dzakatarwa panguva yekuparadzanisa zvinhu.

B. Kudzora Kureba Kwemagiraidhi

Kushandiswa kwe density gradient centrifugation kunoshandisa kusiyana kwe density kuparadzanisa zvidimbu. Density gradient medium inogadzirwa nekuisa layering solutions dzekuwedzera kana kuderedza density, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekuparadzanisa zvinodiwa. Kana zvarukwa mu centrifuge, zvidimbu zvinofamba nepakati pe gradient uye pakupedzisira zvinogara mu mabhandi akasiyana zvichienderana nekuwanda kwazvo.

C. Kudzora Kushanda Kwema "Isopycnic"

Inozivikanwawo se equilibrium kana buoyant density centrifugation, isopycnic centrifugation inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa zvidimbu zvichibva pahuwandu hwazvo hwe buoyant. Density gradient inogadzirwa ne density ye gradient medium yakaenzana nezvidimbu zve interest. Centrifuge inozotenderedzwa nekumhanya kwakanyanya, uye sezvo zvidimbu zvinosvika pakuwanda kwazvo kwe buoyant, zvinogadzikana mukati me medium.

V. Mabhenefiti eMichina yeCentrifugation

A. Kushanda Nenguva Zvakanaka

Ma "centrifuge" anokurumidzisa maitiro angadai akatora nguva. Nekumhanya kwakanyanya kwekutenderera uye kugona kupatsanura kwakaringana, sampuro dzinogona kugadziriswa nekukurumidza, zvichichengetedza nguva yakakosha yekutsvaga kana yekuongorora.

B. Kururama Kwakawedzerwa

Kupatsanurwa kunowanikwa kuburikidza ne centrifuge kwakarurama zvikuru, zvichibvumira kuyerwa kwakarurama uye kuongororwa. Kururama uku kwakakosha pakuwana ruzivo rwakavimbika, kunyanya muminda yakaita se genetics, proteomics, uye pharmacology.

C. Kuchinja-chinja kwemaitiro

MaCentrifuge anokodzera mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekuchinjika kwawo. Kugadziriswa kwekumhanya kunogadziriswa, marotor ane kugona kwakasiyana uye magadzirirwo, uye kuenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzesamples kunoita kuti michina yecentrifuge igone kushandiswa uye ishande zvakasiyana-siyana mune chero nzvimbo yerabhoritari.

VI. Mhedziso

Michina ye centrifugation pasina mubvunzo yakachinja maitiro emurabhoritari nekupa kupatsanurwa kwesainzi uye kuongorora kwakabudirira. Kubva pakukurumidzisa kuwanikwa kwesainzi kusvika pakuvandudza kururama kwekuongorora, centrifuge inoramba iri maturusi akakosha mukutsvaga kwakawanda uye zvipatara pasi rese. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, michina ye centrifugation icharamba ichichinja, ichipa masayendisiti nevanoongorora mhinduro itsva dzematambudziko akaoma ekuparadzanisa.