i-centrifuge sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo selabhoratri esahlulahlula
I-centrifuge sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo selabhoratri esahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kubuninzi bazo kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana. Ngendlela yayo ejikelezayo, i-centrifuge isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal kwiisampuli, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amasuntswana anzima aye ezantsi kweetyhubhu okanye iipleyiti ngelixa izinto ezikhaphukhaphu ziphakama ziye phezulu. Esi sixhobo sifumana izicelo ezininzi kuphando, ukuxilongwa kwezonyango, kunye neelabhoratri zoshishino. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola umgaqo wokusebenza we-centrifuge, iintlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo, izinto ezibalulekileyo xa kusetyenziswa enye, usetyenziso oluphawulekayo, kunye nophuhliso kwitekhnoloji ye-centrifugation.
I. Umgaqo Wokusebenza weCentrifuge
A. Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-Centrifugal
IiCentrifuge zisebenza ngokomgaqo wamandla e-centrifugal, amandla angaphandle afunyanwa yinto ehamba ngendlela egobileyo. Xa i-rotor ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza, idala amandla e-centrifugal atyhala iisampulu kude ne-rotor axis.
B. Indlela Yokwahlukanisa
Ukwahlukana kwi-centrifuge kwenzeka ngenxa yokwahluka kobuninzi okanye ubungakanani be-particle. Ii-particles ezinzima ziyanyibilika ziye ezantsi njengoko ziphantsi kwamandla aphezulu e-centrifugal, zenze i-pellet okanye i-sediment. Okwangoku, ii-particles ezikhaphukhaphu okanye izinto ziyadada phezulu, zenze i-supernatant.
II. Iintlobo zeeCentrifuges
A. Ii-Microcentrifuges
Ii-Microcentrifuges zincinci, zi-benchtop centrifuges ezenzelwe iisampuli ezinomthamo omncinci. Ezi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-molecular biology, kwi-biochemistry, nakuphando lweklinikhi.
B. Ii-Ultracentrifuges
Ii-Ultracentrifuges zizixhobo ezikhawulezayo ezijikeleza kwi-RPM ephezulu kakhulu, zivelisa amandla aphezulu e-centrifugal. Zivumela ukwahlukana kwamasuntswana anobunzima obufanayo, njengokwahlukana kwee-organelles zeseli.
C. IiCentrifuge zeModeli yoMgangatho
Ii-centrifuge zemodeli yomgangatho zizixhobo ezinkulu nezinamandla ngakumbi ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zoshishino, kwiilabhoratri zamayeza, okanye kwiibhanki zegazi. Ezi ziyakwazi ukucubungula umthamo omkhulu kunye nokusingatha imithwalo ephezulu.
III. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa usebenzisa iCentrifuge
A. I-Centrifuge Rotor
Ukukhetha i-rotor echanekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe ukwahlulwa okufanelekileyo. Uhlobo lwe-rotor kunye nomthamo wayo kufuneka kukhethwe ngononophelo ngokusekelwe kumthamo wesampulu, ubungakanani, kunye neemfuno ezithile zokusetyenziswa.
B. Isantya kunye nokuKhawuleza
Isantya esifanelekileyo kunye nokukhawulezisa kufuneka kumiselwe ukuqinisekisa ukwahlukana okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo kwisampuli okanye kwisixhobo. Iimeko zokufaka i-centrifuging ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesampuli kunye nesiphumo esifunekayo.
C. Iisampulu zokulinganisela
Ukulinganisela iisampulu ngaphakathi kwe-centrifuge rotor kuqinisekisa ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo kobunzima, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokushukuma kwe-rotor ngexesha lokusebenza. Iisampulu ezingalinganiyo zinokubangela ukwahlukana okungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye zingonakalisa i-centrifuge.
IV. Ukusetyenziswa Okuphawulekayo kweCentrifugation
A. Ukwahlulwa kweGazi
IiCentrifuges zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhanki zegazi nakwiilebhu zonyango ukuze kwahlulwe igazi lilonke libe ziinxalenye zalo - iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neplasma, okuvumela iinjongo zokuxilonga kunye nokunyanga.
B. Ukutsalwa kwe-DNA kunye ne-RNA
I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhupheni ii-nucleic acids (i-DNA kunye ne-RNA) kwiisampuli zebhayoloji. Inceda ukwahlula iinxalenye zeseli, ezinje ngeeproteni, ii-lipids, kunye nee-nucleic acids, ukuze kube lula uhlalutyo nophando olongezelelweyo.
C. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkunkuma yamasuntswana
I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, njengamayeza, ukwahlula amasuntswana aqinileyo kwizinto ezixutyiweyo. Le nkqubo inceda ekufumaneni izinto ezicocekileyo, ukususa ukungcola, nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.
V. Uphuhliso kwiTekhnoloji yeCentrifugation
A. I-Microfluidic Centrifugation
Abaphandi bahlola amaqonga e-microfluidic kwiinkqubo ze-miniaturized centrifugation. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezifana neemfuno ezincitshisiweyo zesampulu, amaxesha amafutshane okucubungula, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okunokwenzeka nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo kwi-lab-on-a-chip.
B. Iinkqubo zoLawulo oluNgqondileyo
Ii-centrifuge zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele eziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, zilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iiparameter ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zibonelela ngokubekwa esweni ngexesha langempela kweenkqubo ze-centrifuge. Ezi nkqubela phambili ziphucula ukuchaneka, ukuphinda-phinda, kunye nokulula komsebenzisi.
Ukuqukumbela, ii-centrifuge zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zesayensi kunye nezoshishino. Ukukwazi kwazo ukwahlula izinto ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo kunye nobukhulu bazo kwenza kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwazo, ukusuka kwibhanki yegazi ukuya ekukhutshweni kwe-DNA kunye nokuchithwa kwamasuntswana. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, iinkqubo ze-centrifuge ziya zisebenza kakuhle, zichanekile, kwaye zilula ukuzisebenzisa. Njengoko uphando kunye nophuhliso luqhubeka, i-centrifuge iya kuhlala isisiseko sezixhobo kwiilabhoratri kwihlabathi liphela.
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