chii chiri hwaro hwekuparadzanisa uchishandisa centrifuge

Nhanganyaya:

MaCentrifuge zvishandiso zvakakosha zverabhoritari zvinoshandiswa kupatsanura zvinhu zvichienderana nekusiyana kwehuwandu hwazvo mumhinduro dzemvura. Nekukwanisa kwavo kutenderedza sampuro nekukurumidza nekumhanya kwakanyanya, maCentrifuge akachinja nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kuhutano nemishonga kusvika kubiology nekemikari. Chinyorwa chino chine chinangwa chekuongorora misimboti nemaitiro ari shure kwekupatsanura uchishandisa tekinoroji yecentrifuge, zvichiburitsa pachena nyika inonakidza iri mumichina iyi ine simba.

I. Centrifuge: Chishandiso Chinokosha MuSainzi

II. Nheyo yeCentrifugation

III. Mhando dzeCentrifuges

IV. Kushandiswa kweCentrifugation

V. Kufambira Mberi muTekinoroji yeCentrifuge

I. Centrifuge: Chishandiso Chinokosha MuSainzi

MaCentrifuge chikamu chakakosha chekutsvagisa kwesainzi uye maitiro ekugadzira. Anobvumira masayendisiti kuparadzanisa, kuchenesa, uye kuongorora mhando dzakasiyana dzesamples, kusanganisira mvura dzemuzvarirwo, masero, mamorekuru, uye kunyange tunhu tudiki tudiki. Nekushandisa misimboti yecentrifuge, zvishandiso izvi zvinoparadzanisa zvikamu zvakananga mumusanganiswa wakasiyana, zvichigonesa vaongorori kudzidza nekunzwisisa zviri nani.

II. Nheyo yeCentrifugation

Kupinza zvinhu mu centrifugation kunoenderana nepfungwa yekudonha kwemvura, iyo inoitika nekuda kwekuwanda kwakasiyana kwezvikamu zvakasungirirwa muchinhu chinonyungudika. Kana sampuro ikaiswa mu centrifuge rotor uye ikatenderedzwa nekukurumidza, simba re centrifugal rinoiswa pamusanganiswa. Simba iri rinosundira zvikamu zvakakora pasi pemushonga, zvichiita pellet, nepo zvikamu zvakareruka zvichiramba zviri mu supernatant.

III. Mhando dzeCentrifuges

1. MaCentrifuge akasiyana-siyana:

Ma "differential centrifuges" anoshanda nekumhanya kwakaderera kupfuura mamwe marudzi asi akanakira kuparadzanisa zvidimbu zvikuru kana zvikamu zvemasero kubva kune suspensions kana lysates.

2. MaCentrifuge ekugadzirira:

Ma "centrifuge" ekugadzirira anogona kubata huwandu hwakawanda hwesampuru nekumhanya kwakanyanya kupfuura ma "differential centrifuge". Anobvumira kupatsanurwa nekukurumidza uye nekushanda zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa pakuchenesa kukuru.

3. Ma "Ultracentrifuges":

Ma ultracentrifuge ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa mu science yekuparadzanisa. Michina iyi inoshanda nekumhanya kwakanyanya uye tembiricha, ichikwanisa kuparadzanisa kunyange macromolecules akanakisa kana zvidimbu zve subcellular. Ma ultracentrifuge anowanzo shandiswa mukutsvagisa biochemical, zvichiita kuti organelles ne complexes dzakakura zvisashande.

IV. Kushandiswa kweCentrifugation

1. Mashandisirwo Ekurapa Nekurapa:

Ma "centrifuges" anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarabhoritari ekurapa kuongorora ropa, weti, nedzimwe mvura dzemuviri. Pakuongorora chirwere, anoparadzanisa masero kubva muropa kana plasma kuti aone kusarongeka kana kuona zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zveropa.

2. Indasitiri yeMishonga:

Kupinza mishonga mu "centrifugation" kunoita basa guru mukuwana nekugadzira mishonga. Kunobatsira mukuparadzanisa nekucheneswa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvemishonga, zvichibvumira kuongororwa kwakawanda uye kugadzirwa kwayo. Pamusoro pezvo, "centrifuges" dzinoshandiswa panguva yekugadzira majekiseni, kubvisa tupukanana twehutachiona kana kuchenesa mapuroteni e "recombinant".

3. Kuongorora Zvakatipoteredza:

Musainzi yezvakatipoteredza, centrifugation inobatsira pakuongorora ivhu nemvura. Kuparadzanisa zvidimbu zvakamiswa kubva kuzvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvakatipoteredza kunoita kuti vaongorori vadzidze maitiro e sedimentation, kuongorora huwandu hwekusvibiswa, uye kuongorora kuwanikwa kwezvinovaka muviri.

4. Biology yeMolecular uye Genetics:

Maitiro ekugadzira masero emukati (centrifugation) anokosha zvikuru mukutsvagurudza nezve biology yemamorekuru. Panguva yekuburitsa DNA, masero emukati (centrifuge) anoparadzanisa masero kubva kune mamwe masero ari pedyo nawo, zvichibvumira lysis inotevera nekucheneswa kwemajini. Uyezve, kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu zvemukati memasero, zvakaita se mitochondria kana ribosomes, kunobatsira mukudzidza maitiro emasero uye kugadzirwa kwemapuroteni.

V. Kufambira Mberi muTekinoroji yeCentrifuge

1. Microcentrifuges:

Ma microcentrifuge zvishandiso zvidiki, zvinomhanya zvakanyanya zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira sampuli diki. Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji ye microcentrifuge kwakaita kuti pave nemichina midiki, yakanyarara, uye yakareruka, zvichiita kuti ive chishandiso chinokosha chekutsvaga panzvimbo kana mumunda.

2. Kuyerera Kunoenderera Mberi:

Ma "centrifuge" echinyakare anoshanda mu "batch mode", asi kufambira mberi kwazvino kwakaunza "continuous flow centrifugation". Masisitimu aya anobvumira ongororo uye kupatsanurwa kwenguva chaiyo, zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza nguva yekugadzirisa, kunyanya mumashandisirwo emaindasitiri.

3. Kushanda Kwemagetsi Kwakangwara:

Nekubatanidzwa kwezvinodzora zvemakombiyuta, ma "centrifuge" emazuva ano anopa kugona kwe otomatiki kwakangwara. Kubva pakukurumidzisa kwakarongwa uye kudzikira kwesimba kusvika pakudzora tembiricha chaiyo, kufambira mberi uku kunovimbisa mamiriro ekuparadzanisa akakodzera uye kugona kudzokororwa ukuwo kuchideredza kukanganisa kwemushandisi.

4. Kugadzira zvinhu zvishoma:

Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvidiki kwakabatsira pakugadzirwa kwemidziyo midiki ye centrifuges, inozivikanwawo semidziyo ye lab-on-a-chip. Masisitimu aya anotakurika anobvumira nzira dzekuparadzanisa kuti dziitwe pa microscale, zvichivhura mikana mitsva yekuongorora nzvimbo dzekurapa uye mishonga yakasarudzika.

Mhedziso:

MaCentrifuge akachinja-chinja zvikoro zvakawanda zvesainzi nekugonesa kupatsanurwa kwakanaka uye kuongororwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Nekunzwisisa misimboti iri shure kweCentrifuge uye kugara uchiziva nezvekufambira mberi kwazvino mu tekinoroji yeCentrifuge, vaongorori vanogona kuwana nzwisiso itsva dzakawanda uye mashandisirwo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Sezvo maCentrifuge achiramba achichinja, simba rawo pakuwanikwa kwesainzi uye hunyanzvi huchabudirira pasina mubvunzo.