Chii chinonzi centrifuge chinoita kuti musayendisiti akwanise kuparadzanisa?

Centrifuges: Kuparadzanisa Zvakavanzika zveSainzi

Nhanganyaya:

Munyika inonakidza yekutsvagisa kwesainzi, chimwe chezvishandiso zvinonyanya kushandiswa icentrifuge. Mudziyo uyu une hungwaru unogonesa masayendisiti kupatsanura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuvhura zvakavanzika zvakavanzwa mazviri. Kubva pakuongorora kusvika kumishonga nezvimwe zvese zviri pakati, centrifuge dzinoita basa guru muzvikamu zvakawanda zvesainzi. Muchinyorwa chino, tinoongorora mashandiro ecentrifuge uye tinoongorora kuti dzinogonesa sei masayendisiti kupatsanura nekudzidza zvinhu padanho remicroscope.

I. Maitiro eCentrifuge:

Pakati payo, centrifuge mudziyo unotenderera nekumhanya kwakanyanya, uchigadzira simba re centrifugal. Simba iri rinobva pakati uye rinoendesa zvidimbu zvinorema kumucheto wekunze kwemudziyo unotenderera, richizviparadzanisa nezvinhu zvakareruka. Nepfungwa iyi huru, centrifuge dzinokwanisa kuparadzanisa musanganiswa, kuparadzanisa masero, uye kuita mamwe maitiro akasiyana-siyana anokosha mukutsvagisa kwesainzi.

II. Maitiro eCentrifugation:

Kupinza masero mu centrifugation kunouya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa mibvunzo chaiyo yesainzi. Ngationgororei dzimwe dzenzira dzinoshandiswa nevasayendisiti:

a) Kuparadzanisa Kusiyanisa: Iyi nzira inosanganisira kutenderera kakawanda kwe centrifugation nekumhanya kwakawedzerwa kuti zvinhu zviparadzaniswe zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nekuwanda kwazvo. Nekugadzirisa magadzirirwo e centrifuge yedenderedzwa rega rega, masayendisiti anogona kusiyanisa zvinobudirira zvikamu zvakasiyana mumusanganiswa.

b) Kugadzira Gradient Centrifugation: Uchishandisa ma gradient e density, nzira iyi inosanganisira kuisa sample pamusoro pe gradient medium woigadzira centrifugation. Sezvo zvidimbu zvichifamba nepakati pe gradient, zvinoparadzana zvichienderana nekuwanda kwazvo, zvichigadzira mabhandi akasiyana pachubhu. Nzira iyi inonyanya kubatsira pakuparadzanisa mamorekuru ane density dzakafanana.

c) Isopycnic Centrifugation: Munzira iyi, inozivikanwawo se buoyant density centrifugation, density yemushonga inofanana neyezvikamu zviri kudzidzwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvikamu zvinoramba zvakamira panzvimbo dzakatarwa mukati mechubhu ye centrifuge, zvichibvumira masayendisiti kuzviparadzanisa zvichienderana nekusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinoyerera.

III. Mashandisirwo eCentrifuges:

MaCentrifuge anowana mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muzvidzidzo zvesainzi. Heano mimwe mienzaniso inokosha:

a) Tsvagiridzo yezvekurapa: Mubasa rekutsvaga zvekurapa, ma "centrifuges" haafanire kuverengerwa. Masayendisiti anoashandisa kupatsanura nekudzidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasero, zvakaita se mitochondria, nuclei, uye organelles, zvichibatsira kunzwisisa mashandiro emasero uye mashandiro ezvirwere.

b) Kuongororwa Kwezvirwere: Ma "centrifuge" anoita basa rakakosha mumarabhoritari ekurapa, zvichiita kuti ropa ripatsanurwe kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana. Nekutenderera ropa nekukurumidza, zvinoita kuti masero matsvuku nemachena eropa, plasma, nemaplatelet zvisaparadzwe, zvichibatsira mukuongororwa kwezvirwere, kunyora ropa, uye nzira dzekurapa.

c) Kugadzirwa kweMishonga: Ma "centrifuges" akakosha mukutsvaga nekugadzira mishonga. Anobatsira mukubvisa nekuchenesa mapuroteni ekurapa, kupatsanurwa kwemishonga, uye kudzora mhando yezvigadzirwa zvemishonga.

d) Kuongorora Zvakatipoteredza: Nzira dzekushandisa centrifugation dzinoshandiswawo mukuongorora zvakatipoteredza kudzidza nezvemvura, ivhu, uye sampuli dzemhepo. Nekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zviripo musampuli idzi, masayendisiti anogona kuona zvinosvibisa, kudzidza nharaunda dzemabhakitiriya, uye kuongorora hutano hwezvakatipoteredza.

e) Tsvagiridzo yeDNA: Ma "centrifuges" anobatsira zvikuru mukutsvagisa kweDNA, zvichibvumira masayendisiti kuburitsa nekudzidza mamorekuru eDNA. Nekuparadzanisa DNA kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemasero, vaongorori vanogona kuiongorora, kuita bvunzo dzemajini, uye kuburitsa zvakavanzika zviri mumajini edu.

IV. Kufambira Mberi muTekinoroji yeCentrifuge:

Mumakore apfuura, tekinoroji ye centrifuge yave nekufambira mberi kukuru, zvichikonzera kushanda kwakawedzerwa uye kururama mukuparadzanisa zvinhu. Zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvinosanganisira:

a) Kugona Kumhanya Kwakanyanya: Ma "centrifuge" emazuva ano anogona kumhanyisa kumhanya kusvika ku100,000 revolutions paminiti (RPM). Izvi zvinoita kuti kupatsanurwa kushande zvakanaka, nguva yekugadzirisa ideredzwe, uye goho riwedzere.

b) Masisitimu eRefrigeration: Mamwe macentrifuge ane masisitimu ekutonhodza akavakirwa mukati, zvichiita kuti sampuro dzinobata tembiricha dzigone kugadziriswa pasina kukanganisa kunaka kwadzo. Masisitimu aya erefrigeration anochengetedza tembiricha yakaderera panguva yerefrigeration, zvichidzivirira kuora uye kuchengetedza mhando yesamples.

c) Magadzirirwo eRotor Akanakisisa: Dhizaini yeRotor yashanduka kuti ikwane mhando dzakasiyana dzemasampuli. Kubva kuma microcentrifuge akagadzirirwa masampuli madiki kusvika kuma centrifuge epasi ane simba guru, kushanduka-shanduka kunopiwa nemagadzirirwo akasiyana erotor kunobvumira masayendisiti kushanda nehukuru hwakasiyana hwemasampuli uye kugadzirisa kupatsanurwa.

d) Kugadzira otomatiki uye Kugona Kugadzira: Ma centrifuge mazhinji emazuva ano ane sarudzo dzepamusoro dzekugadzira otomatiki, kusanganisira ma protocol anogona kurongwa uye ma interfaces ari nyore kushandisa. Maficha aya anorerutsa mashandiro, anowedzera kugona kudzokororwa, uye anogonesa kugadziriswa kwemasampuli akawanda pasina anomutarisira.

Mhedziso:

Kubva pakuburitsa zvakavanzika zvemaitiro emasero kusvika pakuongorora zvirwere uye kuwana mishonga mitsva, ma "centrifuge" anogonesa masayendisiti kuparadzanisa nekudzidza zvinhu nemazvo. Nekushandiswa kwawo kwakawanda uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, zvishandiso izvi zvinoshamisa zvinoita basa rinokosha mukutsvagisa kwesainzi. Sezvatinofamba zvakadzama muzvakavanzika zvesainzi, ma "centrifuge" pasina mubvunzo acharamba ari pamberi, achiburitsa pachena kuoma kwenyika yedu, kupatsanurana kamwe chete panguva.