Centrifuge inoparadzanisa sei zvikamu

Kuparadzanisa Zvinhu: Nzira Ine Simba Yekuparadzanisa Zvikamu

Munyaya yesainzi netekinoroji, imwe nzira yakachinja maitiro ekuparadzanisa zvikamu ndeye centrifugation. Chishandiso ichi chine simba chakawana mashandisirwo acho mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, kubva kuhutano kusvika kukemikari nesainzi yezvakatipoteredza. Nekukwanisa kwaro kuparadzanisa misanganiswa nekukurumidza zvichibva pakuwanda, centrifugation inoshanda senzira inokosha. Asi centrifuge inonyatsoita sei basa iri? Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora mashandiro e centrifuge, misimboti iri shure kwe centrifugation, uye mashandisirwo ayo anoshamisa mukuparadzanisa zvikamu.

I. Nheyo dzeCentrifugation

Kuti tinzwisise kuti centrifuge inoparadzanisa sei zvikamu, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa misimboti iri pasi payo. Pakati payo, centrifuge inoshandisa simba re centrifugal, simba rekunyepedzera rinobva pakutenderera kwechinhu, kuti riparadzise zvinhu nekukurumidza mumusanganiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwazvo. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuisa musanganiswa kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekutenderera, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvakawandisa zvibve pa axis yekutenderera, nepo zvisinganyanyi kuoma zvichiramba zviri pedyo nayo.

II. Muchina weCentrifuge: Nzira yekuparadzanisa

Muchina we centrifuge pachawo une zvinhu zvakakosha zvakati wandei. Muviri mukuru une rotor, inokwanisa kutakura machubhu kana magaba emuenzaniso akasiyana-siyana. Yakabatana ne rotor ine mota inopa simba rinodiwa rekutenderera, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kupatsanurwa nekukurumidza. Kuti irambe yakaringana panguva yekushanda, rotor inotenderera paseti yemabheringi. Pamusoro pezvo, matanho ekuchengetedza akadai sechivharo kana chifukidziro anoshandiswa kudzivirira chero njodzi kana kusvibiswa kwemuenzaniso.

III. Maitiro eCentrifugation

Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekushandisa centrifugation kuti dzienderane nezvinodiwa zvekuparadzanisa. Nzira mbiri dzakajairika ndedzekuti differential centrifugation uye density gradient centrifugation. Ngationgororei zvakadzama.

1. Kusiyanisa kweCentrifugation

Kuparadzanisa zvikamu (differential centrifugation) kazhinji ndiyo nhanho yekutanga mukupatsanurwa kwezvikamu. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuparadzanisa zvidimbu zvikuru, zvakaita semasero kana maorganelles, kubva kune zvidiki. Nekushandisa masimba akasiyana ecentrifugal pakumhanya kwakasiyana uye kwenguva dzakasiyana, zvikamu zvinogadziriswa zvakatevedzana zvichienderana nehukuru hwazvo nehuremu hwazvo. Kuburikidza nenzira iyi yematanho, zvinhu zvinofarirwa zvinogona kupatsanurwa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiita kuti kupatsanura zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kushande uye kuve kwakasiyana-siyana.

2. Kudzora Kureba Kwemagiraidhi

Kushandiswa kwe density gradient centrifugation kunotevera musimboti wekuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zvine density dzakasiyana dze buoyant. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira density gradient uchishandisa mhinduro dze densities dzakasiyana, dzakadai se sucrose kana cesium chloride. Muenzaniso wacho unoiswa pamusoro pe gradient, uye painotenderera mu centrifuge, zvikamu zve density zvinofamba nepakati pe gradient, zvichizopedzisira zvagadzira mabhandi akasiyana. Iyi nzira inonyanya kubatsira pakuparadzanisa macromolecules e biological seDNA kana RNA, uye pakubvisa masero emukati.

IV. Mashandisirwo Akakosha eCentrifugation

Kupinza simbi mu "centrifugation" kunoita basa guru mumabasa akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kushanda kwayo. Heano mamwe mashandisirwo akakosha:

1. Kuongorora Zvekurapa uye Zvekiriniki

Mukurapa uye kuongororwa, centrifugation inokosha pakuparadzanisa zvikamu zveropa zvakaita semasero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye plasma. Izvi zvinogonesa kudzidza zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kuongororwa kwezvirwere, uye kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvemajini. Pamusoro pezvo, centrifugation inobatsira mukuparadzaniswa kweropa, iro rine mamorekuru akakosha nema enzymes anoshandiswa mukuyedzwa kwekuongorora.

2. Indasitiri yeMishonga

Muindasitiri yemishonga, centrifugation inoshandiswa kuchenesa nekubatanidza mamorekuru ehupenyu akadai semapuroteni nema antibodies. Nekuparadzanisa zvinhu izvi zvinokosha kubva mumusanganiswa, masayendisiti anogona kugadzira mishonga yakachengeteka uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Uyezve, centrifugation inobatsira mukubvisa tsvina uye kuchenesa zvinhu zvinoshanda zvemishonga (APIs).

3. Zvidzidzo zveZvakatipoteredza

Kuparadzanisa zvinhu nepakati kunowana mashandisirwo muzvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza kuongorora nekutarisa kusvibiswa mumvura, ivhu, kana mhepo. Kuburikidza nekupatsanurwa kwepakati, zvinhu zvidiki nezvinhu zvakasimba zvinogona kupatsanurwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuziva nekuyera zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira mukugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzora kusvibiswa uye kugadzirisa nharaunda.

4. Tekinoroji yeBiotechnology yeMaindasitiri

Kugadzira centrifugation kunoita basa rakakosha mu biotechnology yeindasitiri, uko kunoparadzanisa nekuisa zvinhu zvinodiwa muma biomolecules. Mashandisirwo anosanganisira kugadzirwa kwema enzymes, kuburitsa metabolites anokosha, uye kucheneswa kwe biodiesel, kungotaura zvishoma. Nekushandisa simba re centrifugation, maitiro emaindasitiri anogona kushanda zvakanaka, asingadhuri, uye asina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza.

5. Indasitiri yezvekudya nezvinwiwa

Muindasitiri yezvikafu nezvinwiwa, centrifugation inoshandiswa kujekesa, kuparadzanisa, uye kuchenesa zvinwiwa. Semuenzaniso, inobatsira pakugadzira muto wemichero wakajeka, kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakaoma kubva mumukaka kana doro, uye kunatsa mafuta anodyiwa. Maitiro aya anovimbisa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye anovandudza hupenyu hwazvo hwekuchengetedza.

Mukupedzisa, centrifugation inzira inoshamisa yakachinja kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu. Kugona kwayo kupatsanura zvinhu zvichibva pahuwandu hwevanhu kwave kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda, uko kunobatsira mukutsvagisa kwesainzi, kuongororwa, kugadzirwa kwemishonga, zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza, biotechnology yemaindasitiri, uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu. Ingave differential centrifugation kana density gradient centrifugation, michina nematekiniki ari shure kwe centrifugation pasina mubvunzo zvakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kunzwisisa kwesainzi uye kugona kwetekinoroji.