mashandiro anoita kupatsanurwa kwe centrifugation

Kuparadzaniswa kweCentrifugation: Kuzarura Zvakavanzika zveKunyatsojeka uye Kushanda

Nhanganyaya:

Kupatsanurana kwe centrifugation inzira inoshamisa yakachinja tsvakurudzo yesainzi uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana emaindasitiri. Inosanganisira kushandisa masimba e centrifugal kupatsanura tunhu tudiki zvichienderana nehukuru hwatwo, huwandu hwatwo, uye kumhanya kwe sedimentation. Iyi nzira ine simba inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva ku biochemistry uye mishonga kusvika kusayenzi yezvakatipoteredza uye kurapwa kwemvura yakasviba. Muchinyorwa chino, tinoongorora mashandiro emukati ekupatsanurana kwe centrifugation, mashandisirwo ayo, mhando dzakasiyana dze centrifuge, uye mashandiro ari shure kwekushanda kwadzo.

I. Nheyo yekuparadzaniswa kweCentrifugal:

Kupatsanurwa kwe "centrifugation" kunoenderana nepfungwa yekuti zvidimbu zvinorema zvinowanzo kurutsa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakareruka kana zvikashandiswa nesimba re "centrifugal". Nekutenderedza musanganiswa nekumhanya kwakanyanya, zvidimbu zvehukuru hwakasiyana uye huwandu zvinogona kupatsanurwa zvinobudirira. Simba re "centrifugal" rinogadzirwa nekufamba kwekutenderedza rinosundira zvidimbu kumadziro e "centrifuge", zvichikonzera zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvezvinhu zvakaparadzana.

II. Mhando dzeCentrifuges:

A. Kusiyanisa kweCentrifugation:

Kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvemasero (differential centrifugation) ndeimwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa kupatsanura zvikamu zvemasero. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupatsanura zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana nekumhanya kwakasiyana uye kwenguva dzakasiyana, zvichibvumira kupatsanura zvikamu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwazvo hwekudonha kwemasero. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda webiology yemasero kupatsanura zvikamu zvemasero (organelles) nekuchenesa zvikamu zvemasero.

B. Kudzora Kuwanda Kwemagiraidhi:

Kushandiswa kwe density gradient centrifugation kunosanganisira kushandisa density gradient medium, senge sucrose kana cesium chloride, kugadzira density layers dzakasiyana. Muenzaniso wacho unoiswa pamusoro pe gradient uye unoiswa pasi pe centrifugal forces. Sezvo zvidimbu zvichinyura ne gradient, zvinopatsanurana kuita mabhandi akasiyana zvichienderana ne density yazvo. Nzira iyi inonyanya kubatsira pakupatsanura subcellular structures, dzakadai se ribosomes nema virus.

C. Kudzora ma "Ultracentrifugation":

Kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi (Ultracentrifuge) zvinoreva kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi ane simba guru anogona kukurumidza kubva pa60,000 kusvika pa100,000 rpm (rpm). Mamagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anogadzira masimba emagetsi ane simba guru, zvichibvumira kuparadzaniswa kwezvikamu zvidiki. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa muminda yakaita sebiochemistry, uko inoshandiswa kudzidza mamorekuru akaita semapuroteni ne nucleic acids.

III. Kupatsanurwa kweCentrifugation muKushanda:

A. Indasitiri yeMishonga:

Kupatsanurwa kwe "centrifugation" kunoita basa guru muindasitiri yemishonga. Kunoshandiswa kuchenesa mishonga, kubvisa tsvina, kuparadzanisa zvinhu, uye kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvinoshanda. Nekudzora masimba e "centrifugal" nenguva, makambani emishonga anogona kupatsanura uye kubvisa zvinhu zvinokosha kubva mumisanganiswa yakaoma.

B. Sainzi Yezvakatipoteredza:

Kupatsanurana kwe centrifugation kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza uye kudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kunobatsira masayendisiti kuongorora ivhu, kuparadzanisa kusvibiswa nemvura yakasviba, uye kuratidza zvidimbu zviri mumhepo. Nekuona kupararira uye kuumbwa kwezvidimbu zvakasiyana, vaongorori vanowana ruzivo rwezvinobva mukusvibiswa kwemhepo, vachideredza kukanganisa kwakaipa kwezvakatipoteredza.

C. Kuongorora Ropa:

Kuisa ropa mu "centrifugation" kunoita basa guru mumarabhoritari ekiriniki ekuongororwa kweropa kwakasiyana-siyana. Masampuli eropa anowanzoiswa mu "centrifugation" kuti aparadzanise plasma, serum, nemasero eropa akasiyana. Maitiro aya akakosha pakuongorora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye kutarisa hutano hwevarwere.

IV. Nzira Dziri Kutevera Kuparadzaniswa Kwepakati:

A. Kumhanya Kwekudzura:

Kumhanya kwekusenda kwezvikamu mu centrifuge kunonyanya kukonzerwa nehukuru hwazvo uye huwandu hwazvo. Zvikamu zvakakura uye zvakawandisa zvinosenda nekukurumidza, zvichigadzira zvikamu zvakasiyana. Nekugadzirisa simba re centrifugal nenguva, vaongorori vanogona kusarudza kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvakati zvichienderana nehunhu hwazvo hwekusenda.

B. Kukurumidza Kushanda Kwepakati:

Kukurumidza kwepakati (centripetal acceleration) isimba rinochengetedza zvidimbu zvichifamba munzira yakatenderera mukati me centrifuge. Rinoenderana zvakananga ne sikweya yekumhanya kwekutenderera uye daro rezvidimbu kubva pa axis yekutenderera. Kunzwisisa hukama huripo pakati pekumhanya kwepakati nekumhanya kwekudonha kwemvura kwakakosha pakudzora maitiro ekuparadzanisa zvinobudirira.

C. Dhizaini yeRotor:

Rotor ye centrifuge inoita basa rakakosha mukupatsanura zvidimbu zvinobudirira. Magadzirirwo erotor anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakasiyana, saizi yechubhu, uye zvinodiwa zvemuenzaniso. Zvinhu zvakaita sechimiro cherotor, kona, uye kuenderana nekumhanya zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya kushanda kwekupatsanurwa kwe centrifugation.

Mhedziso:

Kupatsanurana kwe centrifugation inzira ine simba yakachinja nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesainzi nedzemaindasitiri. Nekushandisa simba remasimba e centrifugation, vaongorori vanogona kupatsanura zvinobudirira zvidimbu zvehukuru hwakasiyana uye huremu. Kubva kumishonga kusvika kusayenzi yezvakatipoteredza uye kuongororwa kwekiriniki, kupatsanurana kwe centrifugation kunoramba kuchibatsira mukufambira mberi mukutsvaga nehunyanzvi. Sezvo masayendisiti achinyatsoongorora nzira dzisinganzwisisike dziri pasi peiyi nzira, tinogona kutarisira mashandisirwo matsva uye kushanda zvakanaka mune ramangwana.