Me pēhea te wehewehe a te centrifuge i ngā mea totoka mai i ngā mea wai

Me pēhea te wehewehe a te centrifuge i ngā mea totoka mai i ngā wai

He taputapu taiwhanga kaha ngā pūwero e whai wāhi nui ana ki ngā momo ahumahi. Ko te nuinga o ēnei e whakamahia ana mō te wehewehe i ngā totoka mai i ngā wai i runga i ō rātou rerekētanga mātotoru. Mā te whakamahi i te kaha pūwero ki tētahi ranunga, ka wehea pai e te pūwero ngā wāhanga kia tau ai ngā totoka ki raro, kia noho tonu ngā wai ki runga. He mea nui te mārama ki te mahi a te pūwero i tēnei tukanga hei aromatawai i tōna uara i roto i ngā tono maha. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka rukuhia e mātou ngā mahi o roto o te pūwero, ka tūhuratia hoki ōna āheinga wehewehe.

I. Whakataki ki ngā Pūwhakapūngao

He tikanga whānui te whakamahi i te centrifugation hei wehewehe i ngā ranunga i roto i ngā mara rerekē pēnei i te hauora, te rangahau, me te hanga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā motuka hiko, ka hurihia e ngā centrifugation ngā tauira i ngā tere teitei, ka puta he kaha centrifugation nui. Mā tēnei kaha ka neke ngā wāhanga matotoru o roto i te ranunga mai i te pokapū hurihuri ki ngā taha o waho, ka hua ake he wehenga whai hua.

II. Te Hanganga o te Pūwhakarewa

He maha ngā wāhanga matua o ngā pūwero e mahi tahi ana hei whakahaere i te tukanga wehenga. Kei roto i ēnei:

A. Rotor: He wāhanga nui te rotor o te centrifuge e pupuri ana i ngā tauira. He mea hanga kia uru ki ngā rahinga me ngā āhua tauira rerekē. Ko te momo rotor e whakamahia ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te tono motuhake me te rahi o ngā matūriki e wehea ana.

B. Mōta: Ka whakaratohia e te mōta te pūngao hurihuri e hiahiatia ana hei huri i te rotor i ngā tere teitei. Kei ngā pūwero hiko hou ngā mōta hiko kaha ka taea te eke ki ngā tere neke atu i ngā mano hurihanga ia meneti (RPM).

C. Paewhiri Mana: Mā te paewhiri mana ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakarite me te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā whakahaere o te centrifuge, pērā i te tere me te roa. Ka tukuna hoki he urupare mō te āhua o nāianei o te taputapu, kia mau ai te haumaru me te tika o te mahi.

III. Te Kaha Whakapūngao me te Whakatōtō

Ko te kaha hurihuri te kaupapa matua o te kaha o te miihini hurihuri ki te wehewehe i ngā mea totoka mai i ngā wai. Ina huri tere te rotor, ka puta he kaha hurihuri kaha e kukume ana i ngā wāhanga matotoru ki ngā rohe o waho o te tauira. He rite tonu tēnei kaha ki te tapawhā o te tere hurihuri me te tawhiti mai i te pokapū hurihuri.

Ko te wāhanga matotoru ake, ko ngā matūriki totoka te tikanga, ka heke ki waho nā te kaha o te porotītaha, ko te wai ia e tata tonu ana ki waenganui. Ko tēnei tukanga wehenga e mōhiotia ana ko te whakapūpū. I roto i te wā, ka kohia ngā totoka ki raro o te ngongo tauira i roto i te pirepire, i te para rānei, ka waiho te wai kua mārama ki runga ake.

IV. Ngā Momo Rerekē o te Whakapūtanga

Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā tikanga whakapūtā ki ngā momo rerekē i runga i ngā whakaritenga tono motuhake. Ko ētahi o ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:

A. Te Whakapūtanga Rerekē: Kei roto i tēnei tikanga ngā mahi pūtanga raupapa i ngā tere piki haere. Mā tēnei ka taea te wehewehe i ngā matūriki i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te papatipu me te rahi.

B. Te Whakapūtanga Rerekētanga Kiato: I tēnei tikanga, ka tāpirihia he reo whakapūtanga kiato ki te ngongo tauira. Ka whakatakotoria te tauira ki runga i te rerekētanga, ā, i te wā o te whakapūtanga, ka heke ngā matūriki he rerekē ngā kiato ki ngā rohe motuhake i roto i te reo, ka hua ake he wehenga whai hua.

C. Te Whakapūtanga Isopycnic: E mōhiotia ana ko te whakapūtanga taurite, ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga he reo pikinga kiato e ōrite ana te kiato o te tauira ki tētahi kiato motuhake i roto i te reo. Nō reira, ka "mānu" ngā matūriki i ō rātou tūranga taurite i roto i te pikinga, ka taea te wehewehe tika i runga i te kiato.

D. Ultra-Centrifugation: Ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga ngā tere hurihuri teitei neke atu i te 100,000 RPM hei whakatutuki i te wehenga o ngā macromolecules. He mea whakamahi whānuitia i roto i te matū koiora me te koiora ngota mō te ako i ngā taunekeneke ngota me te wehe i ngā wāhanga pūtau-iti.

V. Ngā Whakamahinga o te Whakapūtanga

Ka kitea te whakamahinga whānui o te centrifugation i roto i ngā ahumahi me ngā marautanga pūtaiao:

A. Tātaritanga Hauora: He mea nui te whakamahi i te centrifugation i roto i ngā wāhi haumanu mō te tātari i ngā tauira toto, te wehe i te plasma, i te serum rānei, me te kimi i ngā momo mate. Ka āwhina i te wehewehe i ngā pūtau, ngā pūmua, me ngā waikawa karihi mō ngā take tātaritanga.

B. Hangarau Koiora: He mea nui te mahi a te pūwero i roto i te whakaputanga o ngā pūmua, te wehe i te DNA, me te pure i ngā tauira koiora. Ka āwhina i te wehenga o ngā ngota koiora e hiahiatia ana mai i ngā ranunga matatini.

C. Te Hanga Rongoā: Ka whakamahia ngā pūwero hei whakamārama, hei pure, hei whakapūmau hoki i ngā matū rongoā i te wā e hanga ana i ngā rongoā. Ka whakarite kia tangohia ngā paru, ā, ka whakarei ake i te kounga o te hua whakamutunga.

D. Pūtaiao Taiao: Ka whakamahia te pūwero hei tātari i ngā tauira oneone me te wai, hei wehewehe i ngā matūriki iri me ngā poke mō ngā rangahau taipitopito. Ka āwhina i te mārama ki ngā tukanga taiao me te aroturuki i ngā taumata poke.

E. Ahumahi Hinu: He mea nui ngā mīhini whakapūtā i roto i te rāngai hinu me te hau hei wehewehe i te hinu mai i te wai, hei tango i ngā totoka mai i ngā wai keri, hei tukatuka hoki i te hinu mata. Ka whai wāhi atu rātou ki ngā tukanga tangohanga whai hua, ā, ka whakarite hoki i te kounga o te hua.

Hei whakamutunga, he maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā centrifuge hei wehewehe i ngā mea totoka mai i ngā wai mā te whakamahi i te kaupapa o te kaha centrifugal. Nā te kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā tukanga me te whakaputa tauira parakore kua huri i ngā momo ahumahi. Ahakoa i roto i te tātaritanga hauora, te hangarau koiora, te pūtaiao taiao rānei, kua tino hiahiatia te whakamahinga o ngā centrifuge. Mā te mārama ki ā rātou mahi o roto me ngā tono kanorau, ka whakamahia e ngā kaipūtaiao me ngā tohunga ngaio ō rātou mana ki te whakatairanga i te rangahau, te hauora, me ngā kaha hanga.