Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-tube bowl ekusebenzeni kwe-centrifuge?

Ama-centrifuge ayimishini ebalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukene, kusukela ocwaningweni lwesayensi kuya kwezempilo kuya ekucutshungulweni kokudla. Le mishini isebenzisa izimiso zamandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izinto ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo, okuholela ekuhlukanisweni kwezingxenye ezifana namaseli, amaprotheni, noma izinhlayiya. Enhliziyweni ye-centrifuge kukhona isitsha esine-tubular, ingxenye ebalulekile edlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komshini.

Umsebenzi Wesitsha Esiyi-Tubular

Isitsha esine-tubular siyingxenye eyisisekelo ye-centrifuge, esisebenza njengegumbi lapho kubekwa khona izinto ezizohlukaniswa. Lesi sitsha sijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu, sidala amandla e-centrifugal abangela ukuthi izinhlayiya ezixineneyo ziphume zihlale odongeni lwesitsha, kuyilapho izingxenye ezingaxinene kakhulu zihlala ziseduze nesikhungo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuvumela ukukhishwa kwezinto ezithile ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo, okuvumela izimboni ezahlukene ukuthi zenze izinqubo ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli egazi, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-DNA, kanye nokulungiswa kwemithi.

Ukwakheka kwesitsha esine-tubular kubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini waso. Ukuma nobukhulu besitsha kulungiselelwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo. I-geometry yesitsha, okuhlanganisa ubude nobubanzi baso, kanye ne-engeli yeziphetho eziyindilinga, konke kuklanyelwe ukufeza amandla e-centrifugal afunekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zesitsha kumele zikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze zimelane nesivinini esikhulu kanye namandla ahilelekile ekuhlanganiseni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitsha singabekezelela ubunzima bokusebenza kwaso.

Indima Yesitsha Se-Tubular Ekulungiseleleni Isampula

Emkhakheni wocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha, ukulungiselela isampula kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esithinta ngqo ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuhlaziywa okulandelayo. Ama-Centrifuge avame ukusetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni isampula, futhi isitsha esine-tubular siyisisekelo sale nqubo. Ngokuphotha amasampula ngesivinini esikhulu, i-centrifuge ihlukanisa izingxenye ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo, okuvumela abacwaningi kanye nochwepheshe bokuxilonga ukuthi bahlukanise izinto ezithile ezingxubeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngokwesimo sokulungiselela isampula yegazi, isibonelo, isitsha esine-tubular senza igazi lonke lihlukaniswe libe izingxenye zalo ezahlukahlukene, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, kanye ne-plasma. Leli khono libalulekile ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha, njengoba livumela ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuthi bahlaziye izingxenye ezithile zegazi ukuze bathole izimpawu zesifo, ukutheleleka, noma ezinye izinkomba zempilo. Ngaphandle kwamandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa yisitsha esine-tubular, ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo okunembile bekungeke kwenzeke, kugcizelela indima ebalulekile yalesi sigaba ezinqubweni zokulungiselela isampula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lesitsha esine-tubular lokuhlukanisa amasampula ngempumelelo libaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zocwaningo lwesayensi. Abacwaningi bavame ukudinga ukuhlukanisa ama-molecule noma izinhlayiya ezithile ezingxubeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziphilayo noma zamakhemikhali, futhi ukucutshungulwa kwesitsha esine-tubular kunikeza indlela enamandla yokufeza lo mgomo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlukanisa ama-organelle angaphansi kweseli, ukuhlanza i-DNA ne-RNA, noma ukuhlukanisa amaprotheni ukuze kuhlaziywe ngamakhemikhali, isitsha esine-tubular se-centrifuge senza ososayensi bakwazi ukwenza amalungiselelo esampula abalulekile ngokunemba nangokuphindaphindeka.

Ukubaluleka Kwezinto Zokwakha Nezitsha Zesitsha Se-Tubular

Ukwakhiwa kwesitsha esine-tubular kuyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwaso kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Njengoba kunikezwe isivinini esikhulu namandla ahilelekile ekuhlanganiseni i-centrifuge, izinto ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza isitsha kumele zibe namandla akhethekile, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ngokomlando, izitsha ezine-tubular zakhiwe ngezinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali, enikeza ukuqina kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha iholele ekuthuthukisweni kwama-alloys akhethekile kanye nezinhlanganisela ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezitsha ze-centrifuge.

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu noma ukuhambisana namakhemikhali anamandla, izinto ezifana ne-titanium alloys noma ama-polymer asebenza kahle zingasetshenziswa ukwenza izitsha ezinama-tubular. Lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe zinikeza inhlanganisela yamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nesisindo esincane, okwenza zifaneleke kahle ekusebenzeni kwe-centrifuge okudingakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kokuklama nokukhiqiza kwesitsha esine-tubular kubaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni ibhalansi efanele, ukunciphisa ukudlidliza, nokuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okufanayo ngesikhathi se-centrifugation.

Okuphawulekayo ukuthi ukuqeda ubuso besitsha esine-tubular nakho kungathinta ukusebenza kwaso. Ubuso obubushelelezi, obufanayo bunciphisa amathuba okunamathela noma ukungcola kwesampula, okukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kanye nokuhlanza okulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-geometry yesitsha, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu baso kanye ne-engeli eyindilinga, kumele kuklanywe ngokunembile ukuze kufezwe imiphumela yokuhlukaniswa oyifunayo. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwesitsha esine-tubular kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekuklanyweni nasekusebenzeni kwe-centrifuge.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-Tubular Bowl

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-centrifuge iholele ekusungulweni nasekusebenzeni kwesitsha se-tubular. Ama-centrifuge esimanje angafaka izici ezifana nokutholwa nokulungiswa kokungalingani okuzenzakalelayo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwesitsha se-tubular ngisho nalapho kukhona imithwalo yesampula engajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukisiwe kanye namakhono okuqapha kwenza kube lula ukulungisa kahle amapharamitha e-centrifuge, okwenza kube ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kanye nobuqotho besampula.

Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, isitsha se-tubular singase sibe nezingubo ezikhethekile noma ukwelashwa kwendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwaso. Isibonelo, izingubo ze-hydrophobic noma ze-oleophobic zinganciphisa ukunamathela kwesampula kanye nokungcola, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni ezihilela izinto ezinamathelayo noma ezinamathelayo. Lezi zithuthukisi zigcizelela ukuvela okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-centrifuge, ngokugxila ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka kwemisebenzi yesitsha se-tubular.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ekulinganisweni kwezitsha kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula eziguquguqukayo inegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kokuphepha kanye nokukhiqiza ekusebenzeni kwe-centrifuge. Ngokusebenzisa izinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindlela zokuphendula ngesikhathi sangempela, ama-centrifuge esimanje angalungisa ngokushesha amapharamitha okusebenza ukuze akhokhele imithwalo noma izimo ezishintshayo, aqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile nokungaguquguquki kokuhlukanisa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe akugcini nje ngokuphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kwezitsha ze-tubular kodwa futhi kunegalelo ekuphepheni komsebenzisi kanye nokuthembeka kwemishini.

Izicelo Ezingaphezu Kwe-Centrifugation

Nakuba isitsha esinezimbobo ezinde sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokugeleza kwe-centrifugation, amakhono aso adlulela ngale kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza oluthile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abacwaningi nonjiniyela baye bahlola ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa izitsha ezinezimbobo ezinde, besebenzisa ikhono labo lokunikeza amandla aphezulu e-centrifugal kokuqukethwe okuvalekile. Enye indawo ethakazelisayo ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besitsha esinezimbobo ezinde emkhakheni wocwaningo lwe-microgravity kanye nokulingisa.

Ukuze kuhlolwe isikhala kanye nemizamo yesayensi ehlobene, isitsha esine-tubular singashintshwa ukuze kudalwe izimo zamandla adonsela phansi ezilingisiwe, okuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi batadishe imiphumela yamandla adonsela phansi ashintshiwe ezinhlelweni zezinto eziphilayo, zamakhemikhali, noma ezingokwenyama. Ngokujikelezisa amasampula ngaphakathi kwesitsha esine-tubular ngesivinini esilawulwayo kanye nokuqondiswa, ososayensi bangalingisa izimo zamandla adonsela phansi ancishisiwe, njengalezo ezitholakala ezindaweni zasemkhathini. Leli khono linemiphumela yokuqonda umthelela wamandla adonsela phansi amancane ekuziphatheni kwamaseli, izinqubo zezinto, kanye nezimiso eziyisisekelo zefiziksi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla ayingqayizivele akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwesitsha seshubhu esijikelezayo ngokushesha avuse isithakazelo ekusebenziseni lobu buchwepheshe ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa okulawulwayo kwamandla e-centrifugal kungakhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa nokuqondaniswa kwezinhlayiya noma izingxenye ngaphakathi kwento ethile, okuholela ezindleleni ezintsha zokwenza izinto ezihlanganisiwe noma izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso ze-centrifugation, onjiniyela kanye nososayensi bezinto bahlola amasu amasha okulawula ukuhlelwa kanye nezakhiwo zezinto, bevula izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza okuthuthukile.

Ngamafuphi, isitsha se-tubular siyingxenye ebalulekile yama-centrifuge, okwenza kube nokuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwezinto ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Ukwakheka kwaso, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokwakhiwa kwaso kuthonya kakhulu ukusebenza kanye nokuguquguquka kwemisebenzi ye-centrifuge, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ezempilo, ekucutshungulweni kwezimboni, nangale kwalokho. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-centrifuge buqhubeka nokukhula, kanye nokuqonda okukhulayo kwezimiso eziyisisekelo ezisekela amandla e-centrifugal, isitsha se-tubular sisalokhu siyisisekelo emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene, siqhuba intuthuko ekulungiseleleni amasampula, ekucutshungulweni kwezinto, kanye nocwaningo lwe-microgravity.