isebenza njani i-centrifuge ukwahlula igazi
I-centrifuge sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizixhobo zelebhu esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zesayensi nezonyango. Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwayo kukwahlulahlula iinxalenye zegazi ngeenjongo zokuxilonga nophando. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola indlela i-centrifuge esebenza ngayo ukwahlula igazi kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinegalelo ekusebenzeni kwalo.
Ukuqonda Ukwakheka Kwegazi
Ngaphambi kokuba sijonge indlela esebenza ngayo i-centrifuge, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukwakheka kwegazi. Igazi ngokuyintloko liqulathe iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-erythrocytes), iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-leukocytes), iiplatelets (ii-thrombocytes), kunye ne-plasma. Icandelo ngalinye lidlala indima ekhethekileyo ekugcineni impilo yomzimba iyonke.
1. Injongo Yokwahlulwa Kwegazi
Ukwahlulwa kwegazi kubalulekile kwiinkqubo ezininzi zonyango kunye nophando lwelabhoratri. Ngokwahlulahlula iinxalenye ezithile zegazi, abaphandi kunye neengcali zezempilo banokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ngezifo, benze uvavanyo lokuxilonga, kwaye baphuhlise unyango olutsha. Ukongeza, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwegazi kuvumela ukuqokelelwa kweenxalenye ezifana ne-plasma okanye iiplatelets, ezinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zonyango.
Umgaqo-nkqubo Wokusebenza weCentrifuge
Amandla e-centrifugal asembindini womsebenzi we-centrifuge. La mandla asebenza ngaphandle esuka embindini wokujikeleza kwaye abangela ukuba amasuntswana axineneyo kwisampuli afudukele emngceleni ngelixa amasuntswana akhanyayo ehamba eya embindini. Lo mgaqo uvumela ukwahlulahlula iinxalenye zegazi ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo obahlukeneyo.
2. Amandla eCentrifugal: Ukukhawulezisa iCentripetal kunye neCentrifugal
Amandla e-Centrifugal adla ngokuthathwa ngempazamo njengamandla okwenyani. Enyanisweni, avela ekukhawulezisweni kwe-centripetal, okukukuhamba kwesangqa okujoliswe ngaphakathi (umz., ukujikeleza kwe-centrifuge rotor). Ukukhawuleziswa kwe-Centrifugal ngamandla angabonakaliyo afunyanwa ziisuntswana ezikwinkqubo ejikelezayo ezityhala ngaphandle. Ngokulinganisa la mandla mabini, i-centrifuge ivelisa ukwahlukana okufunekayo.
Iintlobo zeeCentrifuges
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-centrifuge ziyafumaneka, kuquka ii-microcentrifuge, ii-benchtop centrifuge, ii-high-speed centrifuge, kunye nee-ultracentrifuge. Uhlobo ngalunye luyahluka ngokwesantya sokujikeleza, umthamo, kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ii-Ultracentrifuge, ezikwaziyo ukufikelela kwisantya esimangalisayo, ziluncedo kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni igazi ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukwahlula nokuba zincinci kangakanani na ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Isantya kunye nexesha lokujikeleza: Izinto ezichaphazela ukwahlukana kwegazi
Isantya sokujikeleza kunye nexesha zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwegazi kwi-centrifuge. Isantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza senza isampuli ibe namandla amakhulu e-centrifugal kunye ne-centrifugal, nto leyo ephucula inkqubo yokwahlulwa. Nangona kunjalo, isantya esiphezulu kakhulu singonakalisa izinto ezibuthathaka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukulungiswa kube yinto ebalulekileyo. Ixesha lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo, njengoko livumela ukwahlukana okwaneleyo ukuba kwenzeke, ingakumbi xa kubandakanyeka amaqhezu axineneyo, njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
Iintlobo zeCentrifuge Rotor
Iirotha zeCentrifuge zibamba iityhubhu zesampulu ngelixa zijikeleza ngaphakathi kwicentrifuge. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwerotha kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zomsebenzi wokwahlulwa kwegazi. Iirotha ze-fixed-angle zibeka iityhubhu kwi-engile ezinzileyo ngexesha lokujikeleza, ngelixa iirotha ze-swinging-bucket zihambisa iityhubhu zingena kwaye ziphuma kwintsimi ye-centrifugal njengoko zijikeleza.
4. Ukukhethwa kweRotor: Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwegazi
Ukukhetha iirotha kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezilungileyo zokwahlulwa kwegazi. Iirotha ezizi-fixed-angle zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngelixa iirotha ezijikajikayo zikhethwa xa kwahlulwa kancinci, njengoko zinciphisa umngcipheko wokonakalisa iindawo ezibuthathaka. Ukukhetha okuchanekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye zegazi ezifunekayo zihlala zahlukile, okuvumela uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-downstream.
Imingeni kunye namanyathelo okuzikhusela ekwahlukaniseni igazi
Nangona i-centrifugation iyindlela enamandla yokwahlula igazi, imingeni ethile kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka aqwalaselwe ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezithembekileyo. Okokuqala, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo betyhubhu kunye nokukhethwa kohlobo kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza kwesampuli, ukungcola okunqamlezileyo, kunye nokwahlukana okungafanelekanga. Okwesibini, ukugcina ibhalansi efanelekileyo kwi-centrifuge rotor kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela nokuthintela umonakalo we-rotor.
5. Amanyathelo okhuseleko: Iiprotokholi zobushushu kunye ne-Centrifugation
Ulawulo lobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo ye-centrifugation lubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwezakhi zegazi. Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo anokuphazamisa iiproteni kwaye achaphazele umgangatho uwonke weenxalenye ezahlulweyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukulandela imigaqo ye-centrifugation eqinisekisiweyo ethile kwiinkqubo zokwahlulwa kwegazi kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezihambelanayo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimvavanyo okanye iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ziyaphindaphindeka.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo i-centrifuge ukwahlula igazi kubalulekile ekwenzeni uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lokuxilonga, uphando, kunye neenkqubo zonyango. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo yamandla e-centripetal kunye ne-centrifugal, kunye nokukhetha i-rotor efanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezicokisekileyo, i-centrifugation ivumela izazinzulu kunye neengcali zonyango ukuba zisebenzise amandla amakhulu eenxalenye zegazi kwiindawo zazo.
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