Ho Hlahloba Melemo ea Mekhoa ea ho Filtration ea Membrane: Tataiso e Felletseng

Ho Hlahloba Melemo ea Mekhoa ea ho Filtration ea Membrane: Tataiso e Felletseng

Selelekela:

Mekhoa ea ho sefa ea lera e fetotse tsela eo re tšoarang le ho hloekisa metsi ka eona. Ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho tlosa litšila, likaroloana, esita le likokoana-hloko, mekhoa ena e fetohile sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa indastering le lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng. Tataisong ena e felletseng, re tla kenella lefats'eng la ho sefa ha lera, re hlahlobe melemo ea lona, ​​lits'ebetso, mefuta le tsoelo-pele. Kahoo, ha re qoeleng 'me re senole bokhoni bo makatsang boo mekhoa ea ho sefa ea lera e nang le bona!

Ho Utloisisa ho Filtration ha Membrane:

Ho sefa lera la lera ke mokhoa oa karohano o sebelisang lera le kenellang hanyane ho arola lintho kapa likaroloana ka boholo kapa litšobotsi tse ling. Lera lena le sebetsa e le mokoallo, le lumellang limolek'hule kapa likaroloana tse itseng feela ho feta, ha tse ling li ntse li bolokoa. Theknoloji ena e fumane botumo liindastering tse kang kalafo ea metsi, meriana, lijo le lino, le theknoloji ea baeloji ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona bo ikhethang le botšepehi.

Melemo ea Mekhoa ea ho Filtration ea Membrane:

1. Tlhoekiso e Phahameng ea Metsi:

E 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tsa mantlha tsa litsamaiso tsa ho sefa lera ke tlhoekiso ea metsi. Litsamaiso tsena li ka tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, libaktheria, livaerase le lintho tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka katleho, tsa fana ka metsi a hloekileng le a nooang. Ho fapana le mekhoa ea setso ea ho sefa, ho sefa lera ho netefatsa ho tlosoa ka botlalo ha litšila, ho boloka boleng ba metsi ho fihlela litekanyetso tse fapaneng tse thata.

2. Ho Feto-fetoha le ho Tenyetseha:

Mekhoa ea ho sefa ea lera e fana ka mefuta e mengata ea lera le nang le boholo bo fapaneng ba masoba, e leng se etsang hore le lokele lits'ebetso tse fapaneng. Ho tloha ho sefa ka micro ho ea ho sefa ka ultrafiltration le nanofiltration, mofuta o mong le o mong oa lera o na le litšobotsi le bokhoni ba oona bo ikhethang. Ho feto-fetoha hona ho lumella litharollo tse etselitsoeng uena, tse khotsofatsang litlhoko tse itseng ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng.

3. E bolokang litšenyehelo le e bolokang matla:

Leha litšenyehelo tsa pele tsa ho kenya litsamaiso tsa ho sefa lera li ka bonahala li le holimo, li fana ka poloko ea litšenyehelo tsa nako e telele. Mekhoa ea setso ea ho sefa hangata e hloka mehato e mengata, lik'hemik'hale le tlhokomelo khafetsa, athe litsamaiso tsa ho sefa lera li kenyelletsa lits'ebetso tse fokolang le tšebeliso e fokotsehileng ea lik'hemik'hale. Ho feta moo, litsamaiso tsena li boloka matla hantle, li ja matla a fokolang haholo ha li bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea ho arola.

4. Bokgoni bo Ntlafetseng ba Tshebetso:

Ka bokgoni ba tsona ba ho fihlella maemo a hodimo a bohlweki le ho nepahala, ditsamaiso tsa ho sefa lera di ntlafatsa bokgoni ba tshebetso dikopong tse ngata. Mohlala, indastering ya meriana, ditsamaiso tsena di netefatsa ho tloswa ha ditshila le ho bolokwa ha metswako ya bohlokwa e sebetsang, ho netefatsa polokeho le katleho ya meriana. Ka ho tshwanang, indastering ya dijo le dino, ho sefa lera ho thusa ho boloka botsitso ba sehlahiswa, ho lelefatsa nako ya ho boloka dintho, le ho ntlafatsa tatso.

5. Botsitso ba Tikoloho:

Ha botsitso bo ntse bo eketseha, litsamaiso tsa ho sefa lera li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotseng tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea lits'ebetso tse fapaneng. Ka ho nkela mekhoa e sebelisang lik'hemik'hale sebaka le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila, litsamaiso tsena tse sireletsang tikoloho li kenya letsoho bokamosong bo botala le bo tsitsitseng haholoanyane. Ho feta moo, metsi a phekotsoeng a fumanoang ka ho sefa lera hangata a ka sebelisoa hape, e leng se fokotsang khatello mehloling ea metsi a hloekileng.

Litšebeliso tsa Sistimi ea ho Hloekisa Membrane:

1. Phekolo ea Metsi:

Khaello ea metsi le tšilafalo ke liphephetso tse kholo tse tobaneng le lefats'e ka bophara. Mekhoa ea ho sefa ea lera e sebelisoa haholo lifemeng tsa kalafo ea metsi tsa masepala le tsa indasteri ho netefatsa phepelo e sireletsehileng ea metsi. Ho tloha ho tloseng likaroloana tse emisitsoeng le likokoana-hloko tse nyenyane ho isa ho feliseng lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi le litšila, mekhoa ena e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho faneng ka metsi a hloekileng a nooang.

2. Meriana le Biotechnology:

Liindasteri tsa meriana le tsa baeloji li hloka maemo a holimo haholo a bohloeki. Mekhoa ea ho sefa lera e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea meriana, liente le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa bongaka. Li thusa ho arola le ho hloekisa lintho tsa bohlokoa, tse kang liprotheine, li-enzyme le li-antibodies tsa monoclonal, ha li ntse li boloka botsitso le katleho ea tsona.

3. Indasteri ea Lijo le Lino:

Ho sefa ha lera ho fumana ts'ebeliso ea lona indastering ea lijo le lino bakeng sa merero e fapaneng. E thusa ho hlakisa le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tsa lero, veine le lino tse ling ka ho tlosa likaroloana, tomoso le libaktheria. Ho feta moo, litsamaiso tsena li nolofalletsa ho bokellana le ho arola likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse kang liprotheine, litatso le livithamine.

4. Indasteri ea Lebese:

Indastering ea lebese, litsamaiso tsa ho sefa lera li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Li thusa ho aroleng likarolo tsa lebese, tse kang protheine ea whey, casein le lactose, e leng se nolofalletsang tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa lebese. Ho feta moo, litsamaiso tsena li sebelisetsoa ho phekola le ho khutlisa melapo ea litšila, ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho.

5. Ho tlosa letsoai le letsoai metsing:

Ha mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng e ntse e haella haholo, ho tlosoa ha letsoai metsing ho hlahile e le tharollo e sebetsang ho fihlela tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea metsi a hloekileng. Ho sefa ha lera la metsi, haholo-holo reverse osmosis, ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa limela tsa ho tlosoa ha letsoai metsing. Ho kenyelletsa ho tlosoa ha letsoai le litšila tse ling, ho fetola metsi a leoatle metsi a hloekileng a loketseng ho sebelisoa le ho nosetsoa.

Mekhoa e Tsoetseng Pele ea ho Sefa Membrane:

1. Osmosis e Khutlileng (RO):

Reverse osmosis ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo oa ho sefa lera o sebelisang khatello ho qobella metsi ho feta ka har'a lera le kenellang hanyane, ho tlosa litšila tsohle. E sebetsa hantle haholo ho ntšeng letsoai le ho phekoleng metsi a letsoai. Mekhoa ea RO e ka hlahisa metsi a mangata a hloekisitsoeng ha ka nako e ts'oanang e fihlella sekhahla se phahameng sa ho lahloa ha lintho tse silafatsang.

2. Ho sefa ha mahlaseli a letsatsi (UF):

Li-membrane tsa ultrafiltration li na le masoba a maholo ha li bapisoa le li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis, tse lumellang ho feta ha limolek'hule tse nang le boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule. UF e tlosa li-colloid, liprotheine, libaktheria, esita le livaerase tse ling ka katleho. Theknoloji ena e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lebese, kalafo ea metsi a litšila le tlhahiso ea metsi a nooang a boleng bo holimo.

3. Ho sefa ka microfilter (MF):

Methapo e menyenyane e na le masoba a maholo le ho feta, hangata a tloha ho di-micron tse 0.1 ho isa ho tse 10. Theknoloji ena e ipabola ho tloseng dintho tse tiileng tse emisitsweng, dibaktheria le di-fungus. MF e fumana dikopo tse ngata diindastering tse kang dijo le dino, meriana le theknoloji ya baeloji.

4. Ho sefa ha nanofiltration (NF):

Ho sefa ka nano ho koala sekheo pakeng tsa ho sefa ka ultrafiltration le mekhoa ea reverse osmosis. E na le boholo ba li-pore tse nyane ha li bapisoa le UF empa li kholo ho feta RO. Theknoloji ena e tlosa li-ion tse arohaneng ka khetho, tse kang calcium le magnesium, limolek'hule tsa tlhaho, le likaroloana tse ling tse nyane. NF e sebelisoa hangata ho nolofatseng metsi, ho tloseng mebala le ho sebelisa hape.

5. Osmosis e ka Pele (FO):

Forward osmosis ke theknoloji e ntseng e hlaha e sebelisang gradient ea mahloriso ho hula metsi ho tsoa tharollong ea phepelo ka lera le kenellang hanyane. E bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa mahloriso a lintho tse amang mocheso le bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi a litšila. FO e bontša sekhahla se phahameng sa ho lahloa ha lintho tse silafatsang le tšebeliso e fokotsehileng ea matla ha e bapisoa le lits'ebetso tse ling.

Qetello:

Mekhoa ea ho sefa ea lera e fetohile liindasteri tse fapaneng ka ho fana ka litharollo tse sebetsang hantle, tse theko e tlaase le tse tšoarellang. Ka mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso tsa tsona, ho tenyetseha le mahlale a tsoetseng pele, mekhoa ena e ntse e tsoela pele ho bula tsela bakeng sa metsi a hloekileng, meriana e sireletsehileng le lits'ebetso tse tšoarellang haholoanyane. Ho amohela ho sefa ha lera ha se feela mohato o lebisang boleng bo betere le katleho empa hape ke letsete bokamosong ba polanete ea rona.