ma "gas centrifuges" anoshandiswa sei kuparadzanisa

MaCentrifuge eGas anoshandiswa sei kuparadzanisa?

Ma "gas centrifuges" chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, achiita basa guru mukuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nema "isotopes". Midziyo iyi yakasarudzika yakachinja nzira yatinoparadzanisa magasi uye yabatsira kufambira mberi kwakasiyana-siyana kwesainzi. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nzira dziri shure kwe "gas centrifugation" uye tichaongorora mashandisirwo adzo muminda yakasiyana.

I. Kunzwisisa Nheyo dzeGas Centrifugation

II. Kukosha Kwekuparadzaniswa Kwegasi

III. Kushanda kwemukati kweMaCentrifuge eGasi

IV. Kushandiswa kweGas Centrifuges

V. Matambudziko neZviri Kuitika Mune Remangwana muKugadzira Gas Centrifugation

I. Kunzwisisa Nheyo dzeGas Centrifugation

Tisati tanyatsoongorora zvakadzama nezvema "gas centrifuges", ngatitangei tanzwisisa sainzi iri shure kwe "centrifugation". "Centrifugation" inzira inoparadzanisa zvidimbu mu "solution" zvichienderana nehukuru hwazvo, huwandu hwazvo, uye chimiro chazvo. Nekuisa musanganiswa kumhanya kwakanyanya, masimba e "centrifugal" anogadzirwa, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zvifambe zvichienda kunze.

Kuparadzanisa magasi negesi, rudzi rwakasiyana rwekuparadzanisa magasi, kunoshandisa musimboti uyu kuparadzanisa magasi. Maitiro aya anoshandisa musiyano uripo muhuremu hwemamorekuru uye ma coefficients ekupararira kwemagasi, zvichiita kuti aparadzane zvakanaka.

II. Kukosha Kwekuparadzaniswa Kwegasi

Kupatsanurwa kwegasi kwakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakugadzira simba kusvika pakugadzira mishonga. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekupatsanurwa kwema isotopes, izvo zvakashandura nzvimbo dzakadai sesimba renyukireya uye kuongororwa kwemishonga.

Isotopes imhando dzakasiyana dzemakemikari ane huwandu hwakasiyana hwemanyutron. Kuparadzanisa isotopes kwakakosha pakugadzira uranium yakapfuma inoshandiswa mukugadzira magetsi kana isotopes dzekurapa dzinobatsira mukuongorora nekurapa zvirwere. Magasi emagetsi anopa nzira inoshanda zvikuru uye isingadhuri yekuparadzanisa isotopes, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha munzvimbo idzi.

III. Kushanda kwemukati kweMaCentrifuge eGasi

Ma "gas centrifuges" ane "cylindrical rotor" inotenderera nekumhanya kwakanyanya, ine zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuparadzanisa gasi. Rotor inowanzogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba, zvakareruka zvakaita se "carbon fiber reinforced polymer" kuti itsungirire simba guru rinokonzerwa panguva yekushanda.

Mukati merotor, mune machubhu madiki, rimwe nerimwe riine sample yegesi. Kana rotor ichitenderera, mutsauko wehuremu hwemamorekuru unokonzera kuti mamorekuru atamire akananga kumagumo akadzika echubhu nekuda kwemasimba e centrifugal. Nekunyatso dzora magadzirirwo edhizaini uye kumhanya kwekutenderera, kupatsanurwa kwechikamu kunogona kuitwa, kuunganidza magasi ehuremu hwakasiyana hwemamorekuru panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dziri parotor.

IV. Kushandiswa kweGas Centrifuges

Ma "gas centrifuge" anoshandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekushanda kwawo nesimba. Ngationgororei mamwe emabasa akakosha anoshandiswa pa "gas centrifugation":

1. Kugadzira Simba reNyukireya: Muindasitiri yesimba renyukireya, magasi anobatsira zvikuru mukuwedzerwa kweuranium. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kupatsanura uranium-235 kubva kuuranium-238 isotopes, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa muma reactor enyukireya.

2. Mudenga neDziviriro: Ma "gas centrifuges" anoshandiswa kugadzira mafuta akachena zvakanyanya, akadai se "highly rich parafining" (HEK), ekushandisa masisitimu ekufambisa zvitundumusere. Anoshandiswawo muindasitiri yekudzivirira, achitsigira kugadzirwa kwe "propellant" dzezvombo zvenyukireya nemaroketi.

3. Indasitiri yeMishonga neMakemikoro: Mumaindasitiri emishonga nemakemikari, magasi anoshandiswa kupatsanura nekuchenesa magasi kuti awane zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Anogonesa kugadzirwa kwemakemikari, mishonga, uye magasi akakosha ane zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuchena.

4. Kuongorora Zvakatipoteredza: Magasi anoshandiswa mukuongorora zvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kuongorora isotope yakagadzikana uye gasi chromatography. Maitiro aya anobatsira vaongorori kunzwisisa maitiro akaita sekutenderera kwezvinovaka muviri, manyuko ekusvibiswa, uye kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa pasi.

V. Matambudziko neZviri Kuitika Mune Remangwana muKugadzira Gas Centrifugation

Kunyange hazvo kuparadzanisa gasi kwaratidza kuva nzira inoshanda zvikuru, kune matambudziko aro. Dambudziko guru riri mukudzora kwakaringana kunodiwa kuti pave nekugona kukuru kwekuparadzanisa. Kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekuparadzanisa, zvinoda mainjiniya epamusoro uye masisitimu ekudzora epamusoro.

Kufambira mberi mune ramangwana mukugadzira gasi rinonangana nekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekuparadzanisa, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kuvandudza magadzirirwo ese uye maitiro ekugadzira. Vaongorori vari kutsvaga zvinhu zvitsva, magadzirirwo matsva e rotor, uye matekiniki epamusoro ekutevedzera kuti vavhure kugona kwese kwekugadzira gasi rinoshandisa magetsi uye kukanganisa maindasitiri aripo.

Mukupedzisa, magasi ekudzivirira mhepo (gas centrifuges) zvishandiso zvakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti magasi aparadzaniswe zvichienderana nehuremu hwawo hwemamorekuru uye ma "diffusion coefficients". Mashandisirwo awo muminda yakaita sesimba renyukireya, mishonga, uye kuongorora zvakatipoteredza anoita kuti ave matekinoroji akakosha. Sezvo tsvakurudzo ichifambira mberi muminda iyi, magasi ekudzivirira mhepo (gas centrifuges) ari kuda kutamba basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichivhura mikana mitsva yekuwana ruzivo rwesainzi nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji.